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CITY  PLANNING 

A  COMPREHENSIVE  ANALYSIS  OF  THE  SUBJECT 

ARRANGED  FOR  THE  CLASSIFICATION  OF  BOOKS, 

PLANS,  PHOTOGRAPHS,  NOTES  AND  OTHER 

COLLECTED  MATERIAL 

WITH  ALPHABETIC  SUBJECT  INDEX 


BY 


JAMES  STURGIS  PRAY 

CHAIRMAN,   SCHOOL  OF  LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE, 
HARVARD  UNIVERSITY 


AND 


THEODORA  KIMBALL 

LIBRARIAN,  SCHOOL  OF  LANDSCAPE  ARCHITECTURE, 
HARVARD  UNIVERSITY 


CAMBRIDGE 

HARVARD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

1913 


CITY  PLANNING 

A  COMPREHENSIVE  ANALYSIS  OF  THE  SUBJECT 

ARRANGED  FOR  THE  CLASSIFICATION  OF  BOOKS, 

PLANS,  PHOTOGRAPHS,  NOTES  AND  OTHER 

COLLECTED  MATERIAL 

WITH  ALPHABETIC  SUBJECT  INDEX 


BY 

JAMES   STURGIS  PRAY 

CHAIRMAN,    SCHOOL   OF   LANDSCAPE    ARCHITECTUKE, 
HAHVABD    UNIVERSITY 


AND 

THEODORA   KIMBALL 

LIBRARIAN,    SCHOOL   OP   LANDSCAPE    ARCHITECTURE, 
HARVARD    UNIVERSITT 


CAMBRIDGE 

HARVARD  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

1913 


Copyright,  J91S, 
]\\   Hmivaku  Iniversitv  Press. 


THK   UNIVKRHITY    PRE88,   CAMBRIDGE,    U.S.A. 


TABLE   OF   CONTENTS 

Page 

Preface     5 

Definition  of  the  Field  of  City  Planning 5 

Usefulness  of  the  Classification 5 

Practical  Application  of  the  Classification  to  Arrange- 
ment of  Existing  Material 7 

This  Classification  in  Relation  to  other  Classification 

Schemes 9 

Library  of  Congress  Classification 9 

Forthcoming  Landscape  Architecture  Classification  11 

Adaptations  to  other  Systems  of  Classification  .    .  11 

Organization  of  this  Classification 12 

Headings 12 

Numbering 13 

Indentation 14 

Explanatory  notes 14 

Cross-references 14 

Summary  Outhne 15 

Geographical  Table 15 

Index 15 

Publication  of  Preliminary  Outline 16 

Acknowledgments 16 

Summary  Outline 19 

Classification  Scheme 23 

Geographical  Table 77 

Subarrangement  of   Material  under  Individual  Coun- 
tries and  Cities 80 

Alphabetic  Subject  Index  to  the  Classification    .    .  83 


Stack 

Annex 


2024830 


PREFACE 

DEFINITION    OF    THE    FIELD    OF    CITY    PLANNING 

The  term  City  Planning  is  used  to  signify  ''the  intelligent 
control  and  guidance  of  the  physical  conformation,  growth, 
and  alteration  of  cities,  towns,  or  considerable  parts  thereof, 
considered  in  their  entirety";  ^  or,  more  briefly,  the  organi- 
zation of  the  physical  city,  town,  or  district  to  fit  it  to  its 
complex  use.  It  includes  the  planning  of  towns,  suburbs, 
villages,  and  any  considerable  urban,  suburban,  or  even 
intimately  related  rural  districts.  Material  other  than  that 
embraced  under  the  above  definition  is  included  in  this  out- 
line only  when  the  subject-matter  is  treated  or  considered 
as  having  a  definite  relation  to  the  city  plan  or  its  elements. 
For  the  purposes  of  this  classification,  planning  includes 
re-planning,  and  the  two  are  regarded  as  virtually  synony- 
mous. Current  usage  sanctions  three  different  meanings  for 
the  phrase  city  plan:  first,  the  form  of  organization  scheme, 
conception — purely  subjective;  second,  the  drawings,  graphic 
expressions  of  this  conception;  third,  the  physical  city  re- 
sulting from  the  carrying  out  of  this  conception,  the  scheme 
realized;  these  two  latter  uses  being  strictly  objective.  We 
use  the  phrase  in  only  the  first  of  these  senses,  the  subjective 
—  the  scheme  or  form  of  organization. 

USEFULNESS   OF   THE    CLASSIFICATION 

That  all  the  topics  here  included  have  been  found  neces- 
sary in  order  adequately  to  care  for  the  arrangement  of  the 
ideas  now  current  in  city  planning  —  whether  expressed  in 
literal  or  graphic  language  —  is  an  impressive  indication  of 
not  only  the  present  magnitude  of  the  subject  of  City  Plan- 
ning itself,  but  also  the  volume  of  thought  already  on 
record  within  this  field.  So  far  as  we  know,  this  is  the  first 
comprehensive,  systematic  setting  forth  of  the  scope  and 

»  Professor  Frederick  Law  Olmsted,  Chairman  of  the  National  Conference 
on  City  Planning. 

5 


PREFACE 

varied  character  of  this  field  to  such  a  scale.  Yet,  so  clearly 
hav»-  the  relations  and  scopes  of  the  principal  divisions  here 
made  of  the  subject  now  established  themselves,  and  so  far 
have  wo  l>een  dominantly  influenced  in  choosing  for  main 
heads  and  subheads  units  of  area  and  the  objects  upon 
them  distinpiishrd  by  function,  that  we  believe  no  radical 
rn)rKani7,ation  of  this  field  is  ever  likely  to  occur,  and  that 
this  elaty^ification,  which  ha.s  been  i)repared  with  unusual 
carr  and  had  already  the  helpful  criticism  of  many  minds 
reprrscntin^  nu\ny  parts  of  the  field,  can  be  adopted  with 
unusual  assurance  as  to  its  usefulness  for  an  indefinite  time 
to  come.  Certain  parts  of  the  cla.^sification  nuist,  of  course, 
Ih'  expanded  frt)m  time  to  time  as  the  corresponding  parts 
of  the  subject  develop.  The  numbering  of  the  scheme 
allows  for  this  expansion. 

The  approach  to  city  planning  to-day  is  still  from  many 
directions.  The  number  of  these  directions,  will,  as  time 
passes,  increase  rather  than  diminish;  but,  from  whatever 
relateil,  contributory,  or  overlapping  field  one  comes  to 
city  planning,  onr  camiot  hope  to  grasp  the  problem  of  the 
city  plan  as  a  whole  or  the  true  relation  of  one's  special  field 
to  it  without  reference  to  some  such  comprehensive  and 
systematic  analysis,  expressed  or  implied,  as  is  here  pre- 
sented. Moreover,  however  the  directions  of  approach  and 
hence  the  points  of  view  differ,  the  organization  of  the 
modem  city  for  health,  efficiency,  and  beauty  —  not  to  say 
economy  —  remains  essentially  the  same,  and  therefore 
such  a  com|)rehensive  classification  should  be  useful  alike 
to  the  municipal  official,  the  business  administrator,  the 
civil  engineer,  the  sanitary  expert,  the  transportation  engi- 
neer, the  housing  reformer,  the  architect,  and  the  landscape 
architect,  as  well  as  the  representative  of  any  one  of  various 
other  si)ecial  services,  in  proportion  as  his  occupation  enters 
and  contributes  to  the  field  of  city  planning;  and  the  index 
will  show  him  (juickly  at  what  points  his  special  material  is 
provided  for.  Thus,  to  all  who  arc  concerned  with  city 
planning  the  chissification  aims  to  be  useful  either  for  the 
classification  of  collected  material,  for  the  indication  of 
relations  between  special  parts  of  the  whole  field,  or  for  a 
comprehensive  presentation  and  .systematic  analysis  of  the 

6 


PREFACE 

subject.  In  this  last  way,  it  is  thought  that  the  classification 
will  be  particularly  useful  to  students  of  city  planning  in 
colleges  and  technical  schools  where  the  subject  is  to  any 
extent  taught. 

There  is  much  in  the  rapid  spread  of  the  city-planning 
movement  to-day  that  is  unintelligent,  superficial,  inju- 
rious to  the  best  interests  of  those  living  and  working  in 
cities.  It  is  hoped  that  such  a  comprehensive  view  and  sys- 
tematic handling  as  here  given  may  help  in  some  small 
measure  to  a  more  general  rational  conception  of  this  vital 
field.  However  this  may  be,  it  is  issued  in  response  to  a 
demand  which  has  been  expressed  by  practising  city  plan- 
ners, city  administrators,  instructors  and  students,  and 
librarians,  as  well  as  by  professional  men  in  the  related  fields 
already  mentioned. 

The  very  newness  of  city  planning  as  an  art,  science,  and 
profession  renders  the  even  development  of  a  classification 
scheme  impossible.  Certain  portions  must  be  scarcely  more 
than  suggestive,  but  even  here,  in  calling  attention  to  the 
dearth  of  published  material  in  particular  sections  of  the 
subject,  the  classification  scheme  is  useful  in  pointing  out 
special  fields  of  desirable  research. 

As  the  joint  authorship  of  this  city-planning  classification 
implies,  the  principle  has  been  recognized  that,  to  be  gener- 
ally useful,  any  classification  intended  as  this  is  to  cover  the 
arrangement  both  of  ideas  and  of  actual  material,  must  be 
a  compromise  between  a  theoretical  organization  of  the 
subject  and  an  arrangement  guided  merely  by  existing  mate- 
rial. If  wholly  the  former,  the  classification  will  not  be 
usable  in  libraries;  while  if  based  only  on  library  needs,  its 
services  to  those  actively  interested  in  city  planning  must 
be  greatly  diminished. 

PRACTICAL    APPLICATION     OF    THE    CLASSIFICATION     TO    AR- 
RANGEMENT  OF   EXISTING   MATERIAL 

The  forms  of  material  which  might  occur  in  a  collection  re- 
lating to  city  planning  are:  published  literature,  including 
books,  pamphlets,  reports,  periodical  articles,  and  clippings; 
graphic  material,  published  or  in  original  form,  including 
maps,  plans,  drawings,  photographs,  plates,  postcards,  and 

7 


PREFACE 

miscellaneous  pictorial  matter;  mamiscript  material,  in- 
cluding notes  and  hihliographical  references.  All  these 
forms  of  material  are  represented  in  the  Library  of  the 
School  of  Ijindscape  Architecture  at  Harvard,  for  which 
this  City-plnnninK  Scheme  was  originally  developed.  In 
fact,  the  Scheme  originated  and  has  been  worked  out  directly 
in  connection  with  the  organization  of  the  extensive  and 
rapidly  growing  collections  on  city  j^lanning  in  this  Library. 
In  preparing  one  outline  of  the  subject  to  cover  material 
in  such  diverse  forms,  it  is  obvious  that  certain  sections 
will  be  developed  to  provide  more  particularly  for  published 
literature  and  certain  others  more  j^articularly  for  graphic 
njaterial.  In  fact  on  certain  topics  given  in  the  outline,  per- 
haps nothing  has  been  uritten  at  all,  although  there  may  be 
many  photographs.  The  development  of  the  scheme, 
therefore,  while  considerably  in  advance  of  the  literature  of 
the  subject  in  parts,  is  yet  proportionate  in  consideration  of 
the  total  material  covered. 

The  proportions  of  the  scheme  have  furthermore  been 
affected  by  the  necessity  to  represent  various  points  of  view 
as  well  as  various  physical  entities,  and  by  the  desirability 
of  suggesting  various  possible  arrangements.  For  the  same 
material  may  often  hv  arranged  in  a  number  of  different  ways 
to  serve  different  objects,  as  shown  by  the  following  illus- 
tration: a  lot  of  postcards  rei)resenting  residential  streets  in 
various  industrial  cities  might  be  classified  either  in  1675, 
Residential  districts,  or  2235,  Residential  streets,  or  5320, 
Industrial  cities,  according  to  the  way  in  which  the  owner  of 
these  cards  would  wish  to  consult  them.  If  he  had  three 
copies  of  each,  they  could  be  arranged  in  all  three  places. 
Such  duplication  is  seldom  possible,  and  people  have  to  be 
content  with  cross-references.  Manuscript  notes  ofTer  much 
the  same  possibilities  of  arrangement  as  the  postcards  just 
given  as  an  illustration,  and  may  be  handled  with  a  similar 
flexibility.  The  value  of  the  classification  for  the  arrange- 
ment of  notes  is  very  great  to  those  interested  professionally 
in  city  planning  and  constantly  collecting  data.  In  con- 
nection with  the  u.se  of  the  classification  for  notes,  it  is  sug- 
gested that  by  making  a  check  mark  in  the  printed  index  to 
the  classification  whenever  a  topic  is  looked  up  to  find  the 

8 


PREFACE 

number  to  apply  to  the  particular  note  in  question,  the  user 
will  have  constantly  an  up-to-date  index  to  the  material 
he  has  already  assembled.  The  use  of  the  classification  for 
arranging  bibliographical  references  is  also  important.  The 
authors  have  had  continually  in  mind  the  use  of  this  scheme 
for  the  arrangement  of  the  extensive  City-planning  Bibli- 
ography in  preparation  by  the  School  of  Landscape  Archi- 
tecture in  cooperation  with  the  Library  of  Congress,  of 
which  a  Check  List  appeared  in  the  May,  1912,  issue  of  the 
magazine  "Special  Libraries."  As  stated  in  the  Prefatory 
Note,  and  also  at  the  end  of  the  Check  List,  where  a  sum- 
mary tentative  outline  was  offered,  the  Harvard  City-plan- 
ning Scheme  has  been  officially  adopted  by  the  Library  of 
Congress  for  the  classification  of  titles  in  the  City-planning 
Bibliography. 


THIS    CLASSIFICATION    IN    RELATION    TO    OTHER    CLASSIFICA- 
TION  SCHEMES 

Library  of  Congress  Classification 

In  looking  about  for  a  basis  on  which  to  construct  a  clas- 
sification scheme  for  its  special  Library  of  Landscape  Archi- 
tecture, including  City  Planning,  for  which  there  was  no 
adequate  provision  in  any  existing  classification,  the  School 
of  Landscape  Architecture  decided  that  it  was  wiser  to 
choose  one  which  could  be  related  to  some  general  scheme 
already  worked  out,  that  could  care  for  whatever  material 
in  allied  fields  it  should  be  desirable  to  have  in  the  Library. 
Mr.  Sidney  Kimball,  then  Assistant  in  the  School,  made  a 
study  of  existing  classifications,  on  the  basis  of  which  the 
School  decided  to  adopt  the  Library  of  Congress  Classifica- 
tion, because  it  is  comprehensive,  generally  known  through 
the  wide  circulation  of  printed  catalogue  cards  numbered 
according  to  it,  and  adapted  in  principle  to  serve  as  a  basis 
for  the  arrangement  of  the  special  field  of  the  Library. 
This  principle  is  a  combination  of  logical  subdivision  with 
convenient  sequence,  allowing  a  maximum  of  elasticity  in 
development.  Its  simple  sequential  system  of  numbering 
was  found  easy  to  use  in  the  Library,  and  convenient  of 
application  to  the  outline  of  the  subject  without  forcing. 

9 


PREFACE 

In  com>^|M,mlcMieo  with  Mr.  Charles  Martel,  then  Chief 
Chis^ifirr  <.f  the  I.ihrarv  of  (\)nKress.  a  place  was  assigned 
the  suhjects  in  the  peiuTal  Lil.rary  of  Congress  scheme  (in 
which  no  n<hHiuato  provision  for  Landscape  Architecture  or 
Citv  Planning  existed)  in  Class  \,  Fine  Arts.  T.andscape 
Architecture  and  City  Planning  were  erected  as  indeiKMulent 
sulwhu-^ses  eoi'.rdinate  with  and  immediately  following  Archi- 
tocturo.  numherod  NA.  As  the  sub-class  designation  NB 
was  alrrady  in  use.  it  was  necessary  to  use  a  three-letter 
conihination  which  would  a.^sume  Architecture  to  be 
NA(A).  landscape  Architecture  NAB,  and  City  Plan- 
ning NAC.  .\lthough  City  Planning  is  not  primarily  a 
fine  art  its  fundamental  esthetic  aspect  and  its  close  con- 
nection with  the  practice  of  Landscape  Architecture  and 
Architecture  were  considered  to  justify  its  position  in 
class  N. 

If  this  City-planning  Classification  is  to  be  used  as  a 
part  of  the  general  Lil)rary  of  Congress  Classification 
Scheme  —  as  it  is  used  in  the  Library  of  the  School  of  Land- 
sca|>e  Architecture  -  only  material  included  under  City 
Planning  in  its  stricter  definition  will  be  classed  in  NAC; 
all  other  material  will  go  in  the  appropriate  Library  of 
Congress  class,  c.  g.,  Land  and  Housing,  HD;  Transporta- 
tion. HE;  Architecture,  NA(A);  Public  Health,  RA;  Roads 
and  Pavements.  TK;  Building  Laws,  TH.  This  City-plan- 
ning Classification  Scheme  will  however  be  used  by  many 
people  technically  interested  in  city  planning  who  wish  to 
use  it  as  a  complete  basis  of  arrangement  for  all  the  material 
which  they  may  collect  on  the  whole  subject,  including  affili- 
atj'd  fields.  Provision  has  therefore  been  made  in  this 
Scheme  an  it  now  stands  for  such  a  use,  in  connection  with 
material  on  affiliated  fields,  with  a  reference  in  the  more 
important  cases,  to  the  Library  of  Congress  class  where  a 
fuller  subdivision  of  the  subject  may  be  found.  Those  who 
find  this  Scheme  full  enough  as  it  is  may  disregard  these 
references  entirely.  Those  who  wish  to  go  further  may 
consult  the  Library  of  Congress  classes  referred  to,  the  in- 
dexes in  the  backs  of  the  "Schedules"  containing  these 
classes,  and  also  the  alphabetical  li.st  of  subject  headings 
published  by  the  Library  of  Congress. 

10 


PREFACE 

Forthcoming  Landscape  Architecture  Classification 

It  is  of  interest  to  note  the  relation  to  this  City-planning 
Scheme  of  the  Landscape  Architecture  Scheme  (NAB)  in 
preparation  by  Professor  Henry  V.  Hubbard  and  Theodora 
Kimball,  of  which  a  brief  summary  and  adaptation  appeared 
in  the  January,  1913,  issue  of  the  quarterly  "Landscape 
Architecture."  This  forthcoming  scheme  will  contain 
carefully  worked-out  cross-references  to  the  City-planning 
Scheme,  and  each  might  well  contain  material  not  proper 
to  the  other  according  to  the  point  of  view;  as,  for  instance, 
in  the  case  of  Parks,  which  in  the  City-planning  Scheme 
are  treated  primarily  as  unit  areas  of  a  city  and  in  the 
Landscape  Architecture  Scheme  primarily  as  landscape 
compositions. 

Adaptations  to  Other  Systems  of  Classification 

There  appears  to  be  no  reason  why  this  outline  of  the  sub- 
ject of  city  planning,  very  much  as  it  stands,  should  not  be 
used  in  connection  with  other  systems  of  classification  in 
general  use.  For  instance,  at  present  the  Dewey  Decimal 
Classification  contains  no  special  provision  for  city  planning. 
The  New  York  State  Library  states  that  section  710  in 
that  system  is  the  place  where  a  city-planning  sub-class  might 
be  developed.  The  decimal  system  of  numbering  might  be 
applied  to  the  outline  of  this  City-planning  Classfication 
somewhat  as  follows:  .01-.08  Bibliography  through  Museums, 
.11-.  17  Collected  Works  through  General  Special  (or  these 
form  headings  could  be  rearranged  to  conform  with  general 
decimal  classification  practice);  .2  City-planning  moimnent; 
.3  Legislation;  A  Methods  of  technical  procedure;  .5  Study  and 
teaching;  .6  Composition  of  city  plans;  .7  Elements  of  city 
plans;  .8  Types  of  city  plans;  .9  Geographical  arrangement. 
The  subheads  would  be  similarly  numbered  in  decimal 
fashion  so  that  a  paper  on,  for  instance,  the  economic  aspects 
of  city  planning,  might  have  for  its  classification  number 
710.623;  or  again  an  article  on  suburban  station  grounds, 
710.71333.  Of  course  some  adjustments  would  have  to  be 
made,  but  the  authors  believe  that  the  outline,  as  an  outline 
of  the  subject,  could  stand. 

11 


PREFACE 

ORGANIZATION  OK  TIH^  (  I.ASSIFICATION 

Headingi 

It  should  be  stated  that  the  first  series  of  main  headings 
(see  the  Summar>'  Outline)  through  300,  General  special, 
have  been  selected  from  those  in  general  use  by  the  Library 
of  C^ongress.  They  might  be  termed  "form  headings," 
since  they  refer  particularly  to  the  form  in  which  the  material 
api>ears,  e.g.,  a  Periodical,  a  Dictionary.  The  phrase 
"C.eneral  special"  is  used  as  a  heading  for  material,  which, 
though  general,  is  not  comprehensive  but  deals  with  some 
9j)€cial  pha.'^e  of  the  general'topic,  e.  g.,  under  the  heading 
Conduits.  Wires,  the  topic  2857,  Relation  to  street 
maintenance,  appears  under  General  special.  This  head- 
ing has  been  used  consistently  throughout  this  scheme, 
sometimes  with  subheads,  often  alone,  with  a  gap  in 
the  numbering  to  permit  the  insertion  of  future  subheads 
if  desired. 

The  second  series  of  headings  beginning  with  500,  City- 
planning  movement,  constitute  a  systematic  subdivision  of 
the  field,  adjusted  to  meet  the  demands  of  classifying  ma- 
terial which,  as  physical  objects,  can  stand  in  the  files  only 
in  one  place.  Aspectual  subdivisions,  and  provision  for 
arrangement  from  different  points  of  view,  need  not  encum- 
ber the  simplicity  of  the  outline  for  use  with  graphic  material 
representing  objects  alone.  As  has  been  stated  earlier  in 
this  introduction,  certain  headings  applj'  more  to  literature 
and  certain  others  more  to  pictorial  matter.  Use  of  the 
topics  will  soon  reveal  this  distinction.  Certain  subheads 
have  been  provided  uniformly  under  all  the  principal  ele- 
ments; beyond  this,  an  exact  uniformity  of  phrase  under 
all  subheads  has  not  been  sought:  it  has  seemed  better  to 
use  whatever  phrases  were  most  expressive  in  the  given  in- 
stance. 

However,  as  far  as  possible,  corresponding  parts  of  the 
outline  it.'^elf  have  been  constnicted  as  uniformly  as  possible, 
to  offer  mnemonic  advantage,  for  instance,  under  Vegetation, 
Special  uses  (4870),  the  topics  have  been  arranged  in  the 
same  order  as  the  large  headings  under  Elements. 

In  order  to  present  the  subject  clearly,  each  major  sub- 

12 


PREFACE 

division  of  the  outline  is  developed  to  a  certain  proportion, 
even  if  the  subheads  are  given  only  as  cross-references,  e.  g., 
Squares,  4400.  In  minor  cases,  however,  only  typical  topics 
have  been  given  under  a  heading,  often  in  order  to  make  clear 
the  kind  of  material  which  should  be  classified  there.  These 
type  subheads  have  been  generally  chosen  because  they  rep- 
resented actual  existing  material,  e.  g.,  1246,  to  cover  a 
couple  of  recent  magazine  articles  on  the  influence  of  avia- 
tion on  the  planning  for  total  effect  of  the  city  as  seen  from 
above.  Gaps  have  been  left  in  the  numbering  for  the  inser- 
tion of  similar  subheads. 

In  arranging  a  series  of  subheads,  a  coherent  sequence  has 
been  preferred  to  an  alphabetic  arrangement,  on  account  of 
the  advantage  gained  for  pictorial  material,  as  shown  by 
section  3820 -f.  Minor  structures.  In  general,  the  sequence 
of  the  actual  material  as  arranged  by  this  scheme  has  been 
carefully  considered. 

Numbering 

The  numbering  of  the  Scheme  requires  some  explanation. 
The  system  is  that  employed  by  the  Library  of  Congress,  a 
sequence  of  simple  cardinal  numbers,  with  gaps  left  between 
the  numbers  assigned  the  topics  given,  in  order  to  allow  for  the 
insertion  of  new  topics.  Further  expansion  may  be  provided 
for  by  the  use  of  decimals,  as  in  Library  of  Congress  Class 
HD,  section  9000  + .  The  numbering  of  the  City-planning 
Scheme  has  been  done  loosely,  since  the  subject  is  growing 
so  rapidly,  and  may  develop  at  an  unexpected  point  or  in  an 
unexpected  way.  Several  hundred  numbers  have  been  left 
open  to  provide  for  such  emergency.  In  classifying  material 
in  a  library  using  the  Library  of  Congress  Classification,  the 
numbers  of  the  outline  would  be  preceded  by  NAC,  the 
general  class  designation  for  city  planning.  For  a  collection 
wholly  on  city  planning  and  using  only  this  scheme,  NAC 
need  not  be  used,  since  the  numerical  designation  is  suffi- 
cient. In  a  collection  using  the  forthcoming  Landscape 
Architecture  Scheme  (NAB)  and  this  scheme  (NAC), 
B  might  be  used  for  Landscape  Architecture  and  C  for 
City  Planning,  or  whatever  mnemonic  device  the  owner 
preferred. 

13 


PREFACE 

Indentation 

It  has  not  Imhmj  possil)leto  express  exact  coordination  and 
subordination  of  heads  and  subheads  by  the  indentation. 
Often  iniportance  or  bulk  of  material  has  pulled  a  logically 
subordinate  topic  into  a  more  important  place.  Further- 
more, indentation  by  exact  logical  arrangement  would  make 
many  of  the  lieadings  too  far  to  the  right  of  the  page  for 
convenient  printing;  and  the  insertion  of  headings  to  show 
th(M)retical  relations,  where  not  necessary  for  clearness,  would 
render  the  outline  clumsy  for  use  in  classifying  material. 

Explanatory  Notes 

Notes  have  been  given  tlu-oughout  the  scheme  explaining 
the  meaning  of  a  heading  and  what  material  should  be  clas- 
sified under  it,  wherever  the  authors  felt  these  points  were 
not  self-evident. 

Cross-references 

Cross-references  have  been  freely  made  between  headings 
containing  related  material  and  further  to  call  attention  to 
headings  under  which  the  same  material  might  be  arranged 
from  different  points  of  view.  In  making  these  cross-refer- 
ences, where  there  has  been  no  doubt  as  to  the  connection, 
the  number  referred  to  has  alone  been  given  without  the  cor- 
responding heading.  In  doubtful  cases,  the  heading  referred 
to  has  been  given  in  addition  to  the  numerical  reference. 
The  authors  do  not  feel  that  it  was  advisable  to  give  referred- 
to  headings  except  in  doubtful  cases,  on  account  of  the 
great  increa.<i«'  in  bulk  which  the  headings  for  the  very  large 
number  of  cross-references  would  have  caused.  In  makhig 
the  numerical  cross-reference  to  a  topic,  the  initial  nmnber 
only  hius  been  used,  followed  by  a  i)lus  sign  (e.  g.,  4300+) 
if  tlie  topic  occupies  more  than  one  number.  Throughout 
the  scheme  the  numbers  and  topics  given  in  cm'ves  followed 
by  a  reference  to  some  other  number  show  where  material 
might  be  classified  if  desired  for  some  special  purpose,  but 
where  the  authors  do  not  think  it  as  well  placed  from  a  gen- 
eral iK)int  of  view  as  under  the  nmnber  referred  to.  The 
Index  may  be  used  to  supplement  cross-references  in  the 
text. 

14 


PREFACE 

Summary  Outline 

Besides  the  full  Classification  Scheme,  the  authors  have 
included  a  Summary  Outline,  consisting  of  the  main  heads 
and  subheads.  This  Summary  serves  to  show  the  general 
construction  of  the  Scheme,  and  also  as  a  briefer  basis  for 
arrangement  of  material  where  there  is  only  a  small  collec- 
tion, or  a  collection  developed  at  some  one  point,  for  which 
section  alone  the  fuller  scheme  would  be  necessary.  The 
topics  given  in  the  Summary  Outline  are  printed  in  capitals 
in  the  full  scheme,  both  for  emphasis  and  to  facilitate  refer- 
ence from  the  Summary  to  the  Scheme  itself. 

Geographical  Table 

The  Geographical  Table  given  with  this  Classification  was 
taken  substantially  from  that  included  in  Library  of  Con- 
gress Class  N,  called  Table  II.  It  is  here  numbered  to  use 
for  the  section  City  Planning,  by  special  countries  and  cities. 
The  same  numbers  (1-184)  in  the  same  relation,  or  these 
numbers  as  decimals,  can  be  used  at  other  points  in  the 
scheme  where  a  geographical  subdivision  is  desired.  Ap- 
pended to  the  Geographical  Table  is  a  careful  explanation 
of  the  possible  subarrangement  of  material  under  individual 
countries  and  cities. 

Index 

The  alphabetic  subject  Index  to  this  Classification  has  been 
made  exceptionally  full.  The  text  of  the  Scheme  has  been 
indexed  to  bring  out  catch-words  in  many  cases,  as  well  as 
subjects,  for  the  convenience  of  the  person  who  remembers 
a  word,  phrase,  or  special  form  of  heading  and  wishes  to 
find  it  again.  As  few  as  possible  "see"  references  have  been 
made  in  the  index:  the  numerical  reference  has  been  given 
for  each  significant,  word  of  a  phrase,  instead  of  a  cross- 
reference  (e.  g.,  Street  name-plates.  Name-plates,  Street), 
unless  there  are  subdivisions  under  the  topic,  in  which  case 
a  ''see  "reference  has  had  to  be  made  to  avoid  excessive  dupli- 
cation in  printing.  The  "see"  references  in  the  Index  con- 
sist mostly  of  phrases  not  used  in  the  Classification  which 
might  possibly  be  looked  for  in  the  index  and  under  which 
reference  is  given  to  the  sections  in  this  Scheme  relating  to 

15 


PREFACE 

the  subject.  A  word  or  phrase  in  curves,  e.  g.,  Soil  (Data), 
is  given  in  many  cases  after  an  entry  in  the  index  to  explain 
its  hearing.  It  has  been  the  intention  of  the  authors  that 
the  Index  shall  be  of  the  greatest  possible  service  to  users  of 
tlie  Classification,  and  all  the  means  which  have  presented 
thems«-lves  have  been  employed  to  accomplish  this  object. 

PUBLICATION    OF   PREIJMINAUY   OUTLINE 

In  May.  1013.  when  the  classification  was  approaching 
comploticMi.  a  rrelimiiiary  Outline  was  issued  (Printed  as 
Manuscript),  in  order  to  invite  suggestion  and  criticism, 
before  the  full  Scheme  should  be  fixed  in  final  form.  This 
Outline  contained  merely  the  main  headings,  together  with 
some  indication  of  the  material  included  thereunder,  without 
numbers  or  index.  The  Outline  was  circulated  widely  both 
among  librarians  and  among  those  professionally  interested 
in  the  subject  of  City  Planning,  particularly  members  of 
the  National  Conference  on  City  Planning,  whose  technical 
comment  was  awaited  with  interest.  Meantime  the  authors 
had  themselves  been  developing  the  fuller  scheme  to  a  point 
considerably  beyond  that  represented  by  the  published  Pre- 
liminary Outline.  Among  the  large  number  of  acknowledg- 
ments and  appreciations  received  from  those  to  whom  copies 
of  the  Outline  were  sent,  very  few  contained  constructive 
criticisms.  Those  suggestions  and  criticisms  which  were 
made  were  carefully  considered  and  in  every  case  acted  upon. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

Professor  Frederick  Law  Olmsted,  Chairman  of  the  Na- 
tional Conference*  on  City  Planning,  who  had  been  interested 
in  the  Scheme  from  its  beginning  and  who  had  already  given 
constructive  suggestions,  considered  the  Preliminary  Out- 
line and  suggested  valuable  improvements,  particularly  in 
the  sections  relating  to  Data  for  City  Planning,  which  now 
stand  practically  in  accordance  with  the  subdivisions  he 
made  in  his  address  on  the  subject  before  the  City-planning 
C.  '  .',  May,  1913.  Mr.  Flavel  Shurtleff,  Secretary  of 
th'   '  rcnce,  who  is  making  a  special  study  of  the  legal 

aspects  of  city  planning,  made  valuable  suggestions  for  the 

16 


PREFACE 

section  Legislation  while  the  Outline  was  in  manuscript. 
Professor  Charles  W.  Killam  of  the  School  of  Architecture 
at  Harvard  is  responsible  for  the  classification  under  Types 
of  Building  Construction  as  it  now  appears.  Among  others, 
Mr.  John  Nolen  of  Cambridge,  Professor  James  Ford  of  the 
Department  of  Social  Ethics  at  Harvard,  and  Professors  Brix 
and  Genzmer  of  the  K.  Technische  Hochschule,  Berlin,  have 
made  suggestive  comments.  Mr.  H.  H.  B.  Meyer,  Chief 
Bibliographer  of  the  Library  of  Congress,  whose  connection 
with  the  forthcoming  City-planning  Bibliography  gives  him 
a  particular  interest  in  the  Scheme,  and  who  had  approved  it 
in  its  early  stages  for  the  arrangement  of  the  Bibliography, 
also  made  several  very  valuable  suggestions,  which  were  in- 
corporated. 

Besides  grateful  acknowledgment  to  those  already  men- 
tioned, the  authors  desire  to  make  special  acknowledgment 
to  the  following  persons:  to  Mr.  Sidney  Fiske  Kimball, 
then  Assistant  in  the  School  of  Landscape  Architecture  at 
Harvard  University  and  now  Instructor  in  Architecture  at 
the  University  of  Michigan,  for  the  use  of  his  draft  for  a 
tentative  outline  of  classification  for  use  in  the  School  of 
Landscape  Architecture  Library,  which  made  a  most  valu- 
able basis  for  further  development;  to  Mr.  Charles  Martel, 
then  Chief  Classifier  and  now  Chief  of  the  Catalogue  Divi- 
sion of  the  Library  of  Congress,  for  his  consideration  of  the 
scheme,  in  its  early  stages,  in  personal  conference  in  March, 
1912,  and  for  his  interpretation  of  the  principles  of  the  Li- 
brary of  Congress  Classification  as  applying  to  this  field; 
to  Professor  Henry  V.  Hubbard,  of  the  School  of  Landscape 
Architecture  at  Harvard  University  for  constructive  thought 
and  unstinted  assistance  in  the  development  of  the  scheme 
throughout  the  undertaking. 

James  Sturgis  Pray, 
Theodora  Kimball. 

Cambridge,  Mass., 
November,  1913. 


17 


CITY-PLANNING  CLASSIFICATION 

SUMMARY   OUTLINE 

If  used  in  connection  with  Library  of  Congress  Classification,  prefix  NAC 

to  numbers. 

0     Bibliography. 

(1)   Periodicals. 

15    Yearbooks. 
(20)   Societies. 

(40)   Congresses.     Conferences.     Conventions. 
(50)   Exhibitions. 
(70)   Museums. 
180     Collected  works. 
190    Encyclopedias,  dictionaries,  etc. 
195     Directories. 
200     Biography. 
210     History. 

250    General  works. 
300     General  special. 

500  City-planning  movement. 
510        Organization. 
540        Education  of  public. 
565        Action  by  community. 
580        Special  aspects. 

700    Legislation. 
705        Creative. 
760        Regulative. 
775        Special  countries. 

19 


riTY    PLANNING 

800  Methods  of  technical  procedure.  Profes- 
sional PIL\CTICE. 

815        Collection  and  presentation  of  data. 

840  Design,  economic  and  esthetic.  Making  of  city 
plans. 

85U         I'rcsentation  of  city  plans. 

860  Direction  or  supervision  of  construction  and  main- 
tenance. 

875         Consultation.     Cooperation  of  experts. 

880        Competitions. 

*KK)  Study  and  teaching. 

910  Subject  matter. 

930  Methods. 

960  Special  countries. 

980  Special  schools. 

Composition     of    city    plans.     Planning.     Re- 
planning. 
1200        Ceneral.    General  theory  and  principles  of  design. 
(1205)        Special  aspects. 
1210  Social  a.spects. 

1215  Hygienic  aspects. 

1225  Economic  aspects. 

1235  Esthetic  aspects. 

1270  Historic  aspects. 

1290  Other. 

13()()         Data.      ( Fundamental    conditions,    existent    and 

predictable.) 
1320  Climate,  topography,  soil,  etc. 

1400  Population.     Social  conditions. 

1500  Ix'gal  and  administrative  conditions. 

1545  Economic  and  financial  conditions. 

1600        Organization   and    subdivision    of    city    area   by 
dominant    function.      Districting.     Dis- 
tricts. 
1625  Administrative  districts. 

1630  Business  districts.    Industrial  districts. 

1675  Residential  districts. 

1715  Agricultural  districts,  etc. 

20 


SUMMARY  OUTLINE 

Composition   of    city    plans.     Planning.      Re- 
planning  (continued). 

Organization   and    subdivision  ...  by  function. 
Districting.     Districts  (continued). 
1730  Recreation  areas. 

1745  Boundary  areas. 

1800         Organization   and   subdivision    of   city  area   into 

streets  and  blocks. 
1810  Location  of  main  thoroughfares. 

1820  Location  of  minor  streets. 

1830  Types  of  plats. 

1900    Elements  op  city  plans. 

2000  Channels  of  transportation. 

2050  Streets,  roads.    Footways. 

2350  Street-railways.    Rapid-transit  facilities. 

2450  Railroads. 

2550  Waterways  and  waterfronts,  Commercial. 

2750  Terminal  facilities. 

2850  Conduits.     Wires. 

3000  Blocks  and  lots.     Land  subdivision. 

3100  Blocks. 

3250  Lots. 

3400  Structures. 

3440  Buildings. 

3740  Bridges.     Viaducts. 

3800  Dams.     Dikes.     Levees. 

3810  Defensive  works. 

3820  Minor  structures. 

3890  Other. 

4000  Open  spaces,  public  and  quasi-public,  other  than 

for  traffic. 

4040  Park  systems. 

4100  Parks  and  reservations. 

4300  Playgrounds,    athletic    fields.       Provision     for 

special  sports. 

4395  Drill  grounds. 

4400  Squares. 

4480  Cemeteries. 

21 


CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  {continued). 

4r)00  Open  sparos   devoted   to   operation   of   special 

municipal  service?. 

4550  Grounds  of  building  groups. 

460()  Grounds  of  single  buildings. 

480()  \'egetation. 

4800  Special  forms. 

(4870)  Special  uses. 

4875  Street  planting. 

4900  I/)t  planting. 

4910  BuiUling  decoration. 

4930  Planting  of  open  spaces. 

5000  Other  elements. 

5200    Types  of  city  plans. 

5210  Types  distinguished  by  climate. 

5230  Types  distinguished  by  types  of  population. 

5250  Types  distinguished  by  relation  to  topography. 

5.3(X)  Types  distinguished  by  dominant  function. 

5G(K)  Types  distinguished  b\'  size  of  city. 

5630  Types  distinguished  by  style  of  city  plan,  archi- 
tectural character  of  city. 

6800    City  planning,  by  special  countries  and  cities 
arranged  geographically. 


9> 


CITY-PLANNING  CLASSIFICATION 

If  used  in  connection  with  Library  of  Congress  Classification,  prefix  NAC 

to  numbers. 

0    Bibliography. 

General  only.  Special  bibliographies  go  with  the  special 
subjects.      Cf.  Library  of  Congress  Class  Z  (Bibliography). 

Periodicals. 

Subdivided  by  language.  Only  general  periodicals  go  here; 
local  with  6800 +,  City  planning  by  special  countries  and 
cities. 

(1)  (General.) 

2  American  and  English. 

4  French. 

5  German. 

14  Other. 

15  Yearbooks. 
Societies. 

Proceedings,  sets  of  publications.  .  .  . 

For  works  on  formation  of  societies,  their  activities,  etc., 
see  513. 

(20)  (General.) 

21  International. 

22  United  States. 

23  Latin  America.     South  America,  Central  America, 

Mexico. 
25        British  Empire. 

28  France  and  Belgium. 

29  Germany,  Austria. 

31  Hungary,  Bohemia. 

32  Italy. 

33  Scandinavia,  Holland. 

35  Spain  and  Portugal. 

36  Switzerland. 
39        Other. 

23 


CITY   PLANNING 
Congresses.    Conferences.    Conventions. 

I'rtMMtHlings,  etc. 

(40)       (General.) 
42         r«'rnijun'nt. 

Armngt-d  .•ilplmhotirally  by  n:iine  of  congress. 

U\         Occi\nionii\. 

.\rrangrtl  rlironologically. 

KXHIBITIONS. 

Kxhibitions  in  ronncction  witli  Congressps  go  here,  but 
with  rroas-reforcncc  from  Congresses.    Cf.  546,  940. 

{50)       ((lonoral.) 
52         International. 

Local. 
55  United  States. 

60  10  u  rope . 

65  Other. 

Museums. 
(70)       (General.) 

Local. 
75  United  States. 

80  Europe. 

85  Other. 

Collected  works.    General  series. 

E.  g.  StadtebnuHche  Vortriige. 

ISO        Several  authors. 
185         Individual  authors. 

100    Encyclopaedl\s,  dictionaries,  glossaries,  lists  of 
terms. 

19")     Directories 

h  ioc,  r  a  phy. 
2()0        Collective. 
20.-)         Individual.    A-Z. 

History,  historical  development  of  city  plans,  his- 
toric fonns  ot  city  with  examples. 

Cf.  6800+,  which  gives  opportunity  fbr  a  purely  geograph- 
ical arningenient.  This  section  210+  may  be  used  to  group 
matenal  for  .si>ocial  puri)oses.  &       h 

210        Comprehensive,  general. 

24 


CITY  PLANNING 

History,  historical  development  of  city  plans,  his- 
toric forms  of  city  with  examples  (continued). 
European. 
212  General. 

By  period. 
215  Ancient  cities. 

217  Preclassic. 

219  Classic. 

225  Mediaeval  cities. 

230  Modern  cities. 

235         Oriental. 
240         American. 
245        Other. 

General  works. 

250  Comprehensive  treatises. 

254  Outlines,  syllabi,  charts,  diagrams,  etc. 

258  Pocket-books,  tables,  etc. 

260  Partial  works. 

Treating  two  or  more  subdivisions  of  the  general  subject. 

Essays,  addresses,  lectures. 

Cf.  542. 

265  Collective. 

Miscellaneous. 

270  Single. 

When  general;  specific  go  with  subject. 

(280)       General  collections  of  material  in  special  forms. 

Classify  here  only  material  which  it  is  desired  to  keep 
together  as  a  collection  rather  than  to  distribute  by  subject. 

282  Atlases  and  general  collections  of  plans. 

284  Portfolios  and  general  collections  of  paintings, 

drawings,  sketches,  etc. 
286  Albums  and  general  collections  of  photographs, 

prints,   plates,   postcards,  etc. 
288  General  collections  of  lantern  slides. 

290  General   collections  of  clippings,   excerpts,  etc. 

292  General  collections  of  manuscripts,  notes,  etc. 

294  General    collections   of   books   and   pamphlets. 

Chosen  as  typical;  e.  g.  "  ten  books  on  city  planning 
for  an  office  hbrary." 

25 


CITY   PLANNING 

General  special. 
300         Name.      Use  of  terms. 

Citv  pliiiming  or  Town  planning,  Civic  design,  Munici- 
pal iinpn)vi-nicnt,  Civic  improvement,  Civic  betterment. 

305         Purpose,  utility. 

310        PieKl,  scope.     Relation    to   other   arts,  sciences, 
and  professions. 
CMty  planning  as  an  art,  science,  or  profession. 

320  (;«>iH'ral. 

322  Requirements. 

321  Opportunities. 

(  "iTY-rLANNING    MOVEMENT. 

Muncipnl  improvement,  Civic  betterment  movement,  etc. 

500        General. 

505        CJeneral  special. 

rur])osfs,  aitivities,  jirogress,  etc. 

Organiz.\tion. 

r>l()  (Jeneral. 

Agencies,  organizations. 

Cf.  (1542). 

512  General. 

513  Societies. 

515  Ghambers  of  commerce,  boards  of  trade. 

517  Clubs,  city  clubs,  women's  clubs,  etc. 

520  Resources. 

525  Campaigns,  organization  of  work,  etc. 

Education  of  public. 

Awakening  of  interest,  public  advertising,  publicity. 

540  General. 

542  Ix^ctures. 

Cf.  2rK)+. 

544  Publications,  propaganda. 

54(5  Demonstrations,  exhibitions. 

Cf.  {'A))+,  'Mi). 

548  Teaching  in  public  schools. 

Cf.  900+. 

•Action  by  community. 
565  Direct  improvement  of  conditions. 

569  Support  of  existing  official  agencies. 

26 


CITY   PLANNING 

City-planning  movement  (continued). 
Action  by  community  (continued). 
571  Unofficial  employment  of  experts. 

Cf.  875,  1540. 
573  Initiating  and  securing  of  legislation. 

Cf.  700 +  . 

Special  aspects. 
580  Village  improvement  movement. 

Cf.  5605. 

582  Garden  city  movement. 

Cf.  5350. 

584  Rural  improvement  movement. 

586  Women  in  city  planning  movement. 

(600)       (Special  places.)     See  6800 +,   City  planning  by 
special  countries  and  cities. 

However,  if  desirable,  a  shorter  geographical  table,  such  as 
Library  of  Congress  Table  I  of  Class  N,  may  be  inserted  here. 

Legislation. 

Cf.  573.  If  a  special  collection  is  being  made  in  this  field, 
under  each  subdivision  given  here,  local  legislation  might  be 
arranged  alphabetically  by  country  or  city.  See  also  note 
under  760 +,  Regulative  legislation 

700        General. 

Creative. 
705  General. 

707  General  acts. 

e.  g.  British  Housing  and  Town  Planning  &c.  Act,  1909. 

Creation  or  empowering  of  administrative  agents. 

Cf.  1520  +  . 

712  General. 

714  City-planning  departments,  commissions,  etc. 

Cf.  1535. 

716  Other. 

Creation  of  public  properties,  rights,  etc. 
720  General. 

722  Acquisition    of     land     and     other    privately 

owned  property.     Eminent  domain. 

Condemnation  of  land,  taking  of  land,  etc. 

724  Excess  condemnation. 

728  Redistribution  of  land.    "Lex  Adickes." 

735  Creation  of  easements,  rights-of-way,  etc. 

740  Acquisition  of  privately-owned  utilities. 

27 


("ITV    PLANxNING 

Legislation  (continued). 
Re(;ul-\tive. 

760  (leneral. 

(765)  (Special.)     For  regulative  legislation  relating  to 

special  subjects  (e.  g.  Districts,  Streets, 
Buildings.  Parks)  see  the  special  sub- 
jects, subhead  Legislation.  See  Index, 
under  liegislation. 

Special  countries. 

Put   hero,   if  desirable,   collected  legislation  of  special 
countries  or  localities. 


77.') 

United  States. 

780 

luirope. 

785 

Other. 

Method.s  ok  tkchnical  procedure.    Professional 
practice. 

Cf.  subhead  Special  professional  considerations  under  Ele- 
ments (e.  g.  Bridges).  See  Index,  under  Professional  con- 
sideration.s. 

800        General. 

805        General  special. 

810        Legislation.     Regulation. 

Collection     and     presentation     of     data. 
Making  of  surveys. 

,  In  general;  local  works  go  in  6800+.    Cf.  Data  1300+. 

Put  here  Melhoiis  of  collecting  and  presenting  data,  etc. 
DisPu.s.sion.s  or  general  collections  of  data  go  in  1300  +  . 

815  General. 

Special  classes. 
820  Topographic,  etc. 

Cf.  1320  +  . 

822  Social,  etc. 

Cf.  1400  +  . 

824  Legal  and  administrative. 

Cf.  l.V)0  +  . 

826  Economic  and  financial. 

Cf.  154.5  +  . 

Forms  of  presentation  of  data. 
830  General. 

28 


CITY  PLANNING 

Methods  of  technical  procedure.  Professional 
PRACTICE  (continued). 
Collection     and     presentation     of     data. 
Making     of     surveys. 
Forms  of  presentation  of  data  (continued). 
832  Reports,  tabulations,  compilations,  censuses, 

etc. 

Cf.  852. 

834  Maps,  etc. 

Cf.  854. 

836  Models. 

Cf.  856. 

838  Photographs,  etc. 

Design,  economic  and  esthetic.    Making  of  city- 
plans. 

Cf.  914,  1200. 

840  General. 

842  Studies. 

844  Preliminary  planning. 

846  Revision  and  amplification. 

848  Details. 

Presentation  of  city  plans. 
850  General. 

852  Reports. 

Cf.  832. 

854  Drawings,  plans,  etc. 

Cf.  834. 

856  Models. 

Cf.  836. 

858  Estimates. 

860        Direction    or    supervision    of    construction 
and  maintenance. 

Cf.  subhead  Construction  and  maintenance  under  the 
individual  Elements,  (e.  g.  Streets,  Parks).    See  Index. 

875        Consultation.    Cooperation  of  experts. 

Cf.  571,  1540. 

880        Competitions. 

Material  relating  to  .special  competitions  maybe  classified 
by  the  subject  of  the  competition,  or  grouped  here,  according 
to  convenience. 

29 


CITY    PLANNING 


Study  and  teaching. 

Cf.  '>4S.    This  »t'ction  900+  is  for  professional  study  and 

tcnohlMg. 

0(K) 

Cwi\vni\. 

<M):. 

( ii'iirnil  spcc'uii. 

SniUECT    MATTER. 

1)1(1 

GoiMTal. 

\H'2 

Theory  of  city  planning. 

1)14 

Practice  in  design,  economic  and  esthetic. 

Cf.  H40+,  12(K). 

91() 

Elements  of  city  plans.     Materials. 

Cf.  11KK)  +  . 

918 

Construction  and  maintenance. 

920 

Special  contributory  subjects. 

Method.^. 

930  General. 

935  Courses  of  study  in  universities,  colleges,  tech- 

nical schools. 
940  Study  in  libraries,  collections,  and  exhibitions. 

Cf.  (.">())+,  .')4t). 

945  Observation  and  travel. 

947  City-planning  study  tours. 

950  Experience  in  offices  of  competent  practitioners. 

Special  countries. 
960  United  States. 

962  England. 

964  France. 

966  Germany. 

978  Other. 

Special  schools. 

Including  catalogues  and  bulletins.  Note:  word 
"8ch<M)l"  is  uwd  in  the  .sense  of  institution  not  in  the  sense, 
e.  g.  "  school  of  Sitte." 


980 

United  States. 

982 

England. 

984 

France. 

986 

Germany. 

998 

Other. 

.30 

CITY  PLANNING 
Composition  of  city  plans.    Planning,    Replan- 

NING. 

1200        General.     General    theory    and    principles    of 
design. 

Cf.  840+,   914,  and  subhead  Design  under  Elements 
(e.  g.  Streets,  Parks).    See  Index. 

(1205)       Special  aspects.    General  considerations.    Broad 
relations. 

Cf.   1300 +,  Data,  and  subhead  Special  aspects  under 
Elements.    See  Index. 

1210  Social  aspects.     Social  ethics. 

Cf.  1400+  and  subhead  Social  aspects  under  Elements 
(e.  g.  Open  spaces).    See  Index. 

1215  Hygienic  aspects.     Pubhc  health. 

Cf.  1445+  and  subhead  Hygienic  aspects  under  Ele- 
ments (e.  g.  Open  spaces).    See  Index. 

1225  Economic  aspects.     Efficiency  of  the  commu- 

nity.    Municipal  government. 

Cf.  subhead  Economic  aspects  under  Elements  (e.  g. 
Blocks  and  lots).    See  Index. 

Esthetic  aspects.    Civic  beauty.     Civic  art. 
Municipal  art. 

Cf .  subhead  Esthetic  aspects  under  Elements   (e.  g. 
Buildings).    See  Index 


1235 

General. 

1240 

General  special. 

1242 

Organic  beauty  of  city. 

1244 

Birdseye  views.     Aerial  views. 

Including  views  from  eminences. 

1246 

Influence  of  aviation  on  planning  for  ap- 

pearance of  city. 

1248 

Silhouette,  skyline. 

1250 

Visual  compositions  seen  from  given   points 

Views. 

1252 

Vistas.     Termini. 

1253 

Open. 

1254 

Closed. 

1256 

Color. 

a.  3517. 

1260 

City  at  night.    Lighting  effects. 

Cf.  1476. 

31 

CITY    PLANNING 

Composition  of  city  plans.     Planning.     Replan- 
NiNCJ  {continued). 
Special  aspects.    General  considerations.    Broad 
relations  {continued). 
Historic  aspects. 

C'f.  8ul)hfiul  Historic  aspects  under  certain  elements 
U .  g.  Buildiugs).    See  Index. 

rJ7U  (leiieral. 

1272  Truth  to  historic  type. 

1274  Preservation  of  individuality. 

r27(»  Preservation  of  historic  features  in  cities. 

a.  4230. 
IJlX)  Other. 

Data.     Fundamental     conditions,    existent    and 

predictable. 
Cf.  815 +  ,  and  subliead  Data  under  Elements  (e.  g.  Streets, 
Parks).     See  Index. 

1300  General. 

1305  General  special. 

1308  Purjioses  and  importance  of  data. 

1310  Sources. 

Climate,  topography,  soil,  etc.    Natural  en- 
vironment. 

Cf.  H2(). 

1320  General. 

1325  General  special. 

Climate. 

a.  5210+. 

1330  General. 

1332  Temperature. 

1334  Rainfall.     Snow-fall. 

1330  Prevailing  winds. 

Topography.     City  sites. 

Cf.  1.555 +,  5250 -f,  and  subhead  Topographic  as- 
pects, or  Topography  under  Elonionts.    See  Index. 

1340  General. 

1345  General  special. 

1347  Artificial  topography.     Removal  of  hills, 

filling     of    low    or    submerged 
areas.     Reclamation. 
Land  forms. 
1350  (uMieral. 

32 


CITY   PLANNING 

Composition  of  city  plans.    Planning.    Replan- 

NiNG  {continued). 
Data.     Fundamental  conditions. 
Climate,  Topography,  soil,  etc. 
Topography.     City  sites. 
Land  forms  (continued). 

1352  Plains,  prairies,  marshes. 

Cf.  5270. 
1354  Valleys. 

Cf.  5280. 

1356  Hills,  slopes,  hilltops. 

Cf.  4220,  5285,  5290. 

Water  bodies,  shores,  waterfronts. 

Cf.  2640 +,  4170 +  . 

1360  General. 

1365  General  special. 

1367  Use  of  shores,  waterfronts. 

Cf.  2640+,  4170+. 

(1368)  (Reclamation  of  shores.)     See  1347. 

1370  Coast,  shores. 

Of  sea,  arm  of  sea,  or  large  lake.  Cf.  4181, 
4182,  5255. 

1372  Islands. 

Cf.  4184,  5260. 

1374  Small  lakes. 

Cf.  4182. 

1376  Rivers,  streams. 

Cf.  2580 +,  4183,  5265. 

Soil.     Ground  water. 

Including  subsoil. 
Cf.  1557. 

1380  General. 

1382  Soil.    Geological  character.     Types  of  soil. 

E.  g.  rock,  gravel,  sand,  clay,  peat,  loam.  Cf. 
1715,  Agricultural  districts,  and^  4800+,  Vege- 
tation. 

1386  Ground     water.       Flow     of     underground 

water,  water-table. 
1390  Other  natural  conditions. 

1392  Volcanoes,  earthquakes,  etc. 

Population.    Social  conditions.    Man-made 
environment. 

Cf.  822,  5230. 

1400  General. 

33 


CITY   PLANNING 

Composition  of  city  ii-ans.    Pl.\nning.     Replan- 
NlNtJ  (continued). 
Data.   Fundamental  conditions. 
PdPiLATioN  .  .  .  pnviroiiniont  {continued). 
1405  (Ji'Morul  special. 

1410  Character,  organization,  manner  of  life,  etc., 

of  population. 
141')  History  of  the  city. 

Crowth  and  changes  of  population.     Conges- 
tion of  population.  City  and  country. 
1422  Cleneral. 

1424  Cityward  movement. 

1420  Countryward  movement. 

14^30  Housing. 

C'f.  1C.7.T  +  ,  3620+,  5350,  and  Librarj'  of  Congress 
Clajis  IID  (.section  relating  to  Housing). 

1432  Municipal  model  housing. 

1433  Employers'  model  housing. 

1434  Copartnership  housing. 

1435  Industrial  conditions. 
1440                Transportation,  circulation. 

Cf.  2000 +,    Channels  of  transportation. 

1445  Public  health  and  safety. 

Cf.  121."),  ;inil  Library  of  Congress  Class  RA  (Pub- 
lic health  j. 

1447  Air  and  sunlight. 

1449  Smoke  prevention. 

Cf.  4854. 

1450  Dust  prevention. 

1451  Noise  prevention. 

1452  Drainage  of  land. 

Cf.  2S90,  289.5. 

1454  Protection  from  floods. 

a.  3800. 

1450  Water-supply. 

a.  2885+,  4510. 

1458  Stream  pollution. 

Disposal  of  wastes. 
1460  General. 

1402  Water-borne. 

14t>4  Sewage. 

C^.  2890,  4520. 
34 


CITY  PLANNING 

Composition  of  city  plans.    Planning.    Replan- 
NiNG  (continued). 
Data.    Fundamental  conditions. 
Population  .  .  .  environment. 
Public  health  and  safety. 
Disposal  of  wastes. 
Water  borne  (continued). 
1466  Surface  water. 

Cf.  2890. 

1470  Non-water-borne. 

1472  Garbage,  refuse,  rubbish,  etc. 

Dumps,  incinerators,  etc.    Cf.  4538. 

1474  Street  cleaning. 

1475  Snow  removal. 

1476  Lighting. 

Cf.  1260,  3870. 

1478  Fire  protection. 

Cf.  2652,  2888,  3540 +,  3568. 

1479  Conflagrations.     Fires. 

Cf.  1617. 

1480  Defence. 

Cf.  2625,  3810+. 

1485  Other. 

1490  Public  education. 

Cf.  3570. 

1495  Public  recreation. 

Cf.  3575,  3728,  4000 +. 

1499  Other. 

Legal  and  administrative  conditions. 

Limitation.s  of  existing  legislation,  administrative  con- 
ditions, etc.    Cf.  824. 

1500  General. 
Legal. 

Cf.  700 +.    But  here  only  Laws  as  data. 

1505  General. 

1510  Laws  relating  to  public  property,  rights,  etc. 

1515  Laws  relating  to  private  property,  rights, 

etc. 
Administrative. 

Cf.  712 +,  where  laws  relating  to  creation  of  ad- 
ministrative agents  should  go. 

35 


CITY   PLANNING 

Composition  of  city  plans.    Planning.    Replan- 
NiN(i  (con (in lied). 
D.\TA.     Fuiuijiincntal  conditions. 

Legal  and  administrative  conditions.  ' 
Administrative  {continued). 
1  :._>()  (WmutuI. 

Public  agencies. 

1525  Cioneral. 

1526  Clencral  special. 

1527  Relation  of  federal,  state,  and  muni- 

cipal agencies. 

Cf.  712  +  ,  1590. 

1530  Existing. 

City  engineers'  departments,  departments  of 
public  works,  street  departments,  water  and 
8«'wer:ige  boards,  park  departments,  harbor 
boanls  and  port  directors,  etc. 

1535  Specially  created. 

City-planning  departments,  city-planning 
commissions,  art  commissions,  etc.    Cf.  714. 

1540  Public  consultation  of  experts,  official  em- 

ployment of  experts. 
Cf.  571,  875. 

Private  agencies. 

1541  Public  service  corporations. 
(1542)  (Societies,  etc.)     See  500 -f-. 

Economic    and    financial   conditions.     Re- 
sources. 

Cf.  826. 

1545  (leneral. 

I'A'ononiic. 
1550  General. 

1555  .\d vantages  (or  disadvantages)  of  situation 

of  city. 
a.  1340+. 

L')57  Natural  resources. 

Fertile  soil,  mineral  wealth,  water-power,  etc. 
Cf.  1380  +  .  ' 

1559  Comniorcial  and  industrial  opportunities. 

1563  Use  of  land,  land  values. 

Cf.  4016,   anil  Library  of  Congress  Class  HD 
(section  relating  to  Land). 

36 


CITY  PLANNING 

Composition  of  city  plans.     Planning.     Replan- 
NiNG  (continued). 
Data.    Fundamental  conditions. 
Economic  and  financial  conditions. 
Economic. 

Use  of  land,  land  values  (continued.) 
1565  Stability  and  convertibility. 

1567  EfTect  of  design  and  improvements  on  land 

values. 

1568  Effect  of  taxation  on  land  development. 
Financial.     Municipal  finances. 

Cf.  Library  of  Congress  Class  IIJ  (Public  finance). 

1570  General. 

Income. 

1575  General. 

1580  From  taxation  and  assessment,   better- 

ments, benefit  assessments,  etc. 

1585  From  franchises,  etc. 

1588  From   municipally-owned  property    and 

enterprises. 

Municipal  forests,  leases  of  city  lands,  munici- 
pal operation  of  public  utilities. 

1590  From  federal  or  state  grants.     Govern- 

mental aid. 

Cf.  1527. 

1594  From  gifts,  bequests,  etc. 

1595  Expenditure.       Estimate     and     apportion- 

ment. 

Organization   and  subdivision   of  city    area 

BY    dominant    function.      DISTRICTING. 

Districts. 
1600  General. 

1605  General  special. 

1607  Relative  size  of  districts. 

1609  Control  of  undeveloped  land. 

1611  Development  of  new  districts.    Extensions. 

1613  Effects  of  change  in  type  of  occupancy. 

1617  Replanning  of  burned  districts. 

Cf.  1479. 
1620  Legislation.     Zoning. 

Cf.  3460. 

37 


CITY   PLANNING 

Composition  of  city  plans.    Planning.     Replan- 
NiNG  (continued). 
Organization  .  .  .  Districts  {continued). 

1025  Administrative  districts. 

1027  Civic  rontons. 

Cf.  3720,  (l')70j.    M:itori!il  umy  be  grouped  in  1627 
or  3720,  according  to  point  of  view  desired. 

Husiness  districts.     Industrial  districts. 
a.  2r»40+,  3iy()+. 

\{VA{)  Clencral. 

1031  General  special. 

10.33  U(^lati<)n  to  transportation  facilities. 

1()3.")  Location,  urban  fs.  suburban.    Industrial  sub- 

urbs, "garden  city"  principle  of 
location  and  development,  etc. 

Cf.  rylinO. 

1()40  Density  of  development,  intensiveness  of  oc- 

cupancy, general  character  of  build- 
ing development. 

Height,  cf.  34S0  +  ;  materials,  cf.  3510  +  ;  fireproof- 
ing,  of.  3540 +  ;  etc. 


1045 

Financial  districts. 

Cf.  3000. 

1050 

Manufacturing  districts. 

Cf.  2740,  3195,  3595. 

ir).'>5 

Warehouse,  shipping  districts. 

("f.  27 IS,  :J20U,  MW). 

ItUiO 

Market  districts. 

Cf.  2S27,  3010,  4425. 

1005 

Wholesale  districts. 

1070 

Retail  districts. 

Cf.  3210,  3600. 

Residential  districts. 

Cf.  I430  +  .  2235  +  ,  3230+.  33S0+,  3620+,  5.530+ 

1075 

CJeneral. 

107() 

(Jonoral  special. 

1()77 

Density  of  d(>volopinent.     Intensiveness  of 

occupancy.    Number  of  houses  to 

acre. 

38 

CITY  PLANNING 

Composition  of  city  plans.    Planning.    Replan- 
NiNG  {continued). 
Organization  .  .  .  Districts. 
Residential  districts  (continued). 

Urban. 


1679 

General. 

1680 

General  special. 

1682 

Relation  to  business  encroachment. 

1683 

Relation  to  through  traffic. 

Suburban.     Suburbs. 

Cf.  5330,  5350.    Garden  suburbs  may  be  put  here 

or  in  4350. 

1685 

General. 

1686 

General  special. 

1687 

Relation  of  growth  of  suburbs  to  trans- 

portation facilities. 

1690 

Special  types. 

Districts     distinguished     by    predominant 

cost  of  residences. 

1694 

General 

1695 

High-cost. 

Cf.  3637,  3642,  3652. 

1696 

Medium-cost. 

Cf.  3638,  3643,  3653,  3658. 

1697 

Low-cost. 

Cf.  3639,  3644,  3654,  3659. 

Districts  distinguished  by  predominant  type 

of  residences. 

1698 

General. 

Houses  in-block. 

Cf.  3235,  3635+. 

1700 

General. 

1701 

Single. 

Cf.  3636  +  . 

1702 

Apartments  (high-class). 

Cf.  3642. 

1703 

Tenements.     Slums. 

a.  3644. 

Detached  houses. 

Cf.  3240,  3650 +. 

1705 

General. 

39 

CITY   PLANNING 

Composition  of  city  plans.    Planning.    Replan- 
NiNG  (coritimied). 
Organization  .  .  .  Districts. 
Rksidkntial  districts. 
Special  types. 
Detached  houses  (continued). 

17(M)  Single. 

Cf.  :{(K.1+. 
1 7(  )7  Seini-detached. 

Cf.  :«)r,6+. 
1708  Other. 

AtMuciLTUKAL    Districts,    agricultural    belts, 

forest  belts. 

Cf.  i:isn+,  (3244). 

1715  (leneral. 

1720  Agricultural  belts. 

1723  Market-garden  areas. 

1724  Allotment  gardens. 

(1725)  (Forest  belts.)    See  4160,  Forest  reservations. 

Recreation  areas. 

Cf.  (324.^)),  4000 +  . 

17:^0  (leneral.     Distribution. 

1731  Cleneral  special. 

1733  Relation  to  transportation  facilities. 

Boundary  areas.     Boundaries. 

Cf.  1715 4",  Agricultural  and  forest  belts. 

1745  General. 

1748  Approaches  and  entrances. 

Cf.  2750 +,  Terminal  facilities. 

1750  City  boundaries. 

Cf.  381.5,  City  walls. 

Organization  and  subdivision  of  city  area  into 

streets  and  blocks.     Land  subdivision, 

in  the  larger  sense. 
a.  3000 +. 

1800  General. 

1805  General  special. 

1810  Location  of  main  thoroughfares. 

Cf.  2170+. 

1812  Determining  centers,  goals,  foci. 

1814  Determining  connecting  routes. 

40 


CITY   PLANNING 

Composition  of  city  plans.     Planning.     Replan- 
NiNG  (continued). 
Organization  . . .  streets  and  blocks  {continued). 

1820  Location  of  minor  streets. 

Cf.  2220 +. 

Types  of  plats. 

Cf.  5635+. 

1830  General. 

Formal. 

Cf.  5635+. 

1835  General. 

1837  Gridiron. 

Cf.  5637. 

1839  Gridiron  and  diagonal. 

Cf.  5639. 

1841  Radius  and  round-point. 

Cf.  5641. 

1844  Other. 
Informal. 

Cf.  5645  +  . 

1845  General. 
1847                    Rectilinear. 

Cf.  5647. 

1849  Curvilinear. 

Cf.  5649. 

1851  Composite. 

Cf.  5651. 

Elements  of  city  plans. 

Cf.  916. 

1900        General.     Collective. 

Channels  of  transportation.  Of  persons 
commodities,  power.  Ways,  conduits, 
wires. 

Cf.  1440,  and  Library  of  Congress  Class  HE  (Transpor- 
tation and  communication). 

2000  General. 

2005  General  special. 

2010  Special  aspects. 

2011  Topographic. 

2012  Social. 

41 


CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  {continued). 
Channels  of  transportation. 
Special  aspects  {continued). 


2013 

Hy^iionic. 

2014 

l^conoinic. 

2015 

Esthetic. 

2016 

Historic. 

2020 

IvOgislation. 

2025 

Special  professional  considerations. 

2026 

Data. 

2027 

Oesifin. 

2028 

Construction  and  maintenance. 

2029 

Cost. 

Streets,  roads.    Footways. 

20r)0 

General. 

2055 

General  special. 

2057 

Influence  of  traffic  on  street-form,  street- 

plan,  etc.     Congestion  of  traffic. 

2058 

Influence  on  streets  of  changes  in  means  of 

transportation.     Development    of 

motor  traffic. 

2060 

Special  aspects. 

2070 

Legislation. 

Including  street-traffic  regulation. 

2075 

Special  professional  considerations. 

2076 

Data. 

Traffic  censuses,  data  on  vehicles  (e. g.  motor  trucks). 

2077 

Design. 

2078 

Construction  and  maintenance. 

2079 

Cost. 

2085 

Form, 

(Straight  or  curved. 

2090 

Orientation. 

Cf.  .3060. 

2095 

Ix>ngth,  continuity. 

21(K) 

Gratlient. 

2103 

Treatment  of  steep  gradients. 

Width.     Cross-section. 

Cf.  2.3riG. 

42 


CITY  PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Channels  of  transportation. 
Streets,  roads.    Footways. 
Width.     Cross-section  (continued). 
2105  General. 

Special  components. 

(2107)  (Separate   roadways.)      See   2115,   Mul- 

tiple streets. 

(2108)  (Walks.)  See  2252,  Footways. 

(2109)  (Planting     strips.      Parking.      Reserva- 

tions.)      See     4875-1-,      Street 
planting,      and     2382,     Street- 
railway  reservations. 
2110  Special  topography.     Hillside  streets. 

2115  Streets     specially     subdivided.      Multiple 

streets. 

2116  Parked  streets. 

2118  Streets  with  irrigation  canals. 

E.  g.  as  in  Boulder,  Colo. 

2119  Double-deck   streets,   two-story  streets. 
Surface.     Pavements. 

Cf .  Library  of  Congress  Class  TE  (Roads  and  pave- 
ments). 

2120  General. 

2121  Special  kinds,  arranged  alphabetically. 

2122  Gutters,  curbs. 

2124  Drain  inlets,  man-hole  covers,  etc. 

Cf.  (2306). 

2128  Crossings,  isles  of  safety. 

Street  junctions. 

2135  General. 

2136  Intersection  of  lines  of  traffic,  avoidance  of 

collision  points. 
2138  Viaducts  to  avoid  crossings  at  grade. 

Cf.  2513,  37404-. 

2150  Proportion  of  street  area  to  block  area. 

Relation  to  buildings. 
2155  General. 

2157  Set-backs. 

Cf.  3081. 

43 


CITY   PLANNING 


Elkments  of  city  plans  (continued). 

Channels  of  transportation. 

Streets,  roads.    Footways. 

Relation  to  buildings  (continued). 

2159 

EntToachnicnts     of     buildings,     balconies, 

stoops,  marquees,  projections,  etc. 

2101 

Arcades,  colonnaded  streets,  covered  street- 

ways,    galleries. 

21(>3 

Relation  to  heiglit  of  buildings. 

Cf.  3083,  3480 +. 

Thoroughfares.    Highways.   "Traffic  streets." 

Cf.  1810  +  . 

Including  intorurban  highways. 

2170 

General. 

2175 

General  special. 

2  ISO 

Special  forms. 

21S2 

Radial. 

2183 

Circumferential,  peripheral.  Ringstrassen. 

21S4 

Diagonal. 

21SS 

Other. 

Special  uses. 

For  business  traffic. 

Cf.  4891. 

2195 

General. 

2197 

Traffic  squares.     Roundpoints. 

Cf.  (4420). 

2199 

Cabstands. 

2201 

One-way  streets. 

For  pleasure  traffic.    Drives. 

a.  (4196),  4893. 

2205 

General. 

2207 

Formal.     Boulevards,  etc. 

2209 

Informal.  Parkways,  etc. 

2211 

Concourses. 

2213 

Bridle  paths. 

2214 

Bicycle  paths. 

Local  streets. 

Cf.  1820. 

2220 

General. 

44 

CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Channels  of  transportation. 
Streets,  roads.    Footways. 
Local  streets  (continued). 

2225  General  special. 

Special  uses. 
2230  For  business.     As  frontage  for  business 

buildings,  etc. 

Cf.  1630+,  4891. 

2233  Business  squares. 

For  residence.     Residential  streets. 

Cf.  167.5 +,  4892. 

2235  General. 

2236  Urban. 

2237  Suburban. 

2238  "Places,"  residential  squares. 
Special  forms. 

2242  Alleys. 

Cf.  3181. 

2244  Private  ways. 

Footways. 

2250  General. 

2252  Sidewalks.    Walks. 

2254  Independent  footways. 

2256  Steps,  ramps,  etc. 

2258  Promenades,  malls,  etc. 

Cf.  4197. 

2262  Footbridges  and  tunnels. 

Cf.  3740 +. 
Highway  bridges  and  tunneh. 

Cf.  3740  + 

2270  General. 

2272  Special  purposes,  to  cross  water,  railroads, 

highways,  etc. 
2276  Approaches. 

Cf.  2405. 

2278  Draws. 

2282  Elevators,  lifts,  etc. 

a.  2526. 

45 


CITY   PLANNING 

Elkments  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Channels  of  transportation. 
Streets,  roads.    Footways. 

Highway  bridgos  and  tunnels  {continued). 

22S4  Subsidiary  u.se.s. 

2280  Bridge.^.     Culverts. 

228S  Tunnels. 

Street  furniture, 
("f.  ;i.s(K). 

22*M)  General. 

2292  Street  name-plates. 

Cf.  (:}s.")<)). 

2294  Poles  and  wires. 

a.  23SG. 

2296  Police-boxes,  fire-alarm  boxes.  Letter-boxes. 

(2298)  (Clocks.)     See  3855. 

(2302)  (Drinking   fountains,    troughs.)     See  3849. 

2304  Hydrants. 

(2306)  (Man-hole  covers, drain  inlets, etc.)  See2124. 

(2308)  (Waste  cans,  etc.)     See  3860. 

2309  Other. 

(2310)  (Street  lighting,  street-lighting  fixtures,  lamp- 
posts,  electroliers,   etc.)     See  3870. 

(2315)  (Street  planting.)    See  4875  +  . 

2320  Street  decoration  for  festivals. 

Sub-surface  utilities  in  relation  to  the  street. 

2325  General. 

2328  Special  subways. 

Cf.  '24()«),  Rapid  transit  subways. 

(2329)  (Special     utilities,     e.  g.     sewerage,     tele- 

phone.)    See  2850 +  . 

Street-railways.     Rapid-transit  facilities. 

Including  interurban  street-railways.      Cf.  1633,  1687, 
1733,  (2780),  2807. 

2350  General. 

2355  General  special. 

2356  Relation  to  street.     Connections  betw^een 

transportation   lines    at    different 
levels,  subway  approaches. 

a.  2105-f-. 

46 


CITY  PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Channels  of  transportation. 

Street-railways.    Rapid-transit  facilities. 
General  special  (continued). 

2357  Obstruction    of   surface   traffic   by   street- 

railway  structures. 

2360  Special  aspects. 

2370  Legislation. 

2375  Special  professional  considerations. 

Surface  railways. 

2380  General. 

2382  Street-railway  reservations. 

2384  Tracks.    Width,  spacing,  curvation,  etc. 

2386  Trolley    poles    and     wires,     underground 

cables,  etc. 

Cf.  2294,  2850 +. 

2390  Elevated   railways,    including    street-railway 

bridges  and  viaducts. 

Cf.  3740+. 

2400  Subways,    tunnels,   tubes,   underground  rail- 

ways. 
2405  Non-surface  stations  and  station  approaches. 

Escalators. 
2410  Shelters,  waiting  stations,  transfer  stations. 

Cf.  3675. 

2420  Street-railway  terminals.    Car-barns,  yards. 

Railroads. 

a.  2714,  (2785),  5316. 

2450  General. 

2455  General  special. 

2457  Electrification. 

2460  Special  aspects. 

2470  Legislation. 

2475  Special  professional  considerations. 

2480  Stations. 

Cf.  3605.     Material  may  be  grouped  under  either 
number,  according  to  point  of  view  desired. 

2483  Union  stations. 

47 


CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Channels  of  transportation. 
Railroads  {continiied). 

Station    places.      Station    squares.      Station 
grounds. 

a.  (4423). 

2485  (JeiKTal. 

2486  Urban. 

2487  Suburl^an 

2488  \illage. 
2490  Train  yards. 

2495  Freight  houses  and  yards. 

Rights-of-way. 
2000  Cleneral. 

2502  Through  lines. 

2504  Belt  lines. 

2510  Crossings. 

2512  At  grade.    Grade  crossings. 

2513  Not  at  grade.    , 

Cf.  2138. 

Railroad  bridges  and  tunnels. 

Cf.  :}74()  +  . 

2515  General. 

2516  To  cross  land.    . 

2517  To  cross  water. 
2520  Special  uses. 
2522  Freight  tunnels. 
2524  Draws. 

2520  Elevators,  lifts. 

a.  2282. 

2528  Bridges. 

2529  Tunnels. 

Waterways  and  waterfronts,  Commercial. 

Cf.  (2790),  5317,  and  Library  of  Congress  Class  TC 
(Hydraulic  engineering). 

2550  General. 

2555  General  special. 

2560  Special  aspects. 

2570  Legislation. 

Including  port  regulation. 
48 


CITY  PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Channels  of  transportation. 

Waterways   and  waterfronts,   Commercial 

(continued) . 

2575  Special  professional  considerations. 

Rivers,  canals. 

Cf.  1376,  5265. 

2580  General. 

2585  Channels. 

2588  Locks. 

(2590)  (Banks.)  See  2640 +  ,  Waterfronts. 

(2595)  (Bridges.)  See  3740 +,  and  references  from 

there. 
Bays,  harbors,  basins. 
2600  General. 

2605  Channels  and  anchorages. 

Location,  marking,  dredging,  etc. 

2608  Lighthouses. 

2610  Harbor  lines,  bulkhead  lines,  etc. 

Protective  works. 

Cf.  3800. 

2615  General. 

2617  Breakwaters,  jetties,  etc. 

2619  Sea  walls. 

2625  Defensive  works. 

Cf.  1480,  3810+,  5313. 

2630  Harbors  and  basins  for  special  purposes. 

E.  g.  fishing  fleet,  yachting  fleet. 

Waterfronts. 

For  recreational  waterfronts,  see  41 70  +  . 

2640  General. 

2645  General  special. 

Special. 
2650  Capacity,  frontage. 

2652  Fire  protection. 

Cf.  1478. 

Docks,  slips,  etc. 
2660  General. 

2665  Special. 

E.  g.  size. 
49 


(  ITV    PLANNING 

Elemknts  of  eirv  plaxs  (continued). 
C'hannkls  of  tkansportation. 
NN'atkhways  and  waterfronts,  Commercial. 
Waterfronts. 

Docks,  slips,  etc.  {continued). 

2670  Docking  apparatus. 

2675  Ferry  slips. 

Wharves,  piers,  jetties,  quays,  etc. 

For  recreation  i)iers,  see  4199. 

2680  General . 

2685  Special. 

E.  g.  length. 

2690  Administration  quarters,  including  quar- 

antine, revenue  service,  accom- 
modation for  employees. 
Special  jirovision  for  passengers. 
Cf.  2800 +. 

2695  General. 

2697  Landing  stages. 

2699  Slielters,  waiting  places,  etc. 

2701  Areas  for  vehicles. 

K.  (/.  cai-s,  cabs,  motor  vehicles. 

Special  jirovision  for  freight. 

Cf.  2S20  +  . 

2710  General. 

2712  Freight  handling  apparatus. 

2714  Railroad  lines. 

Cf.  24.50+. 

2716  Areas  for  vehicles. 

E.  g.  drays,  motor  trucks. 

2718  W^arehouses,  sheds. 

Cf.  360."). 

2720  Areas  for  handling  and  storing  special 

classes  of  freight. 
Grain,  grain  elevators. 
2"23  Lumber,  coal,  stone,  gravel,  etc.  — 

yards, 
a.  3197 
50 


27*29 


CITY  PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  {continued). 
Channels  of  transportation. 
Waterways  and  waterfronts,  Commercial. 
Waterfronts. 

Wharves,  piers,  jetties,  quays,  etc. 
Special  provision  for  freight. 

Areas  for  handhng. .  AreigH  {continued). 

2724  Oil,  chemicals,  explosives. 

2725  Perishable  goods,  cold  storage  goods. 

2729  Other. 

2730  Storage  areas. 

For  roofed  storage  areas,  see  2718.    P'or  storage 
areas  for  special  classes  of  freight,  see  2720 +. 

2735  Shipyards.     Drydocks. 

2740  Industrial  areas,   utilization  of  waterfront 

by  manufacturing  plants. 

Cf.  1650. 

Terminal  facilities. 


2750 

General. 

2755 

General  special. 

2760 

Special  aspects. 

2770 

Legislation. 

2775 

Special  professional  considerations. 

Types,  by  mode  of  transportation. 

(2780) 

(Interurban  street-railways.)    See  2350  + . 

(2785) 

(Railroads.)     See  2450+ . 

(2790) 

(Waterways  and  waterfronts.)   See  2550 +. 

2795 

Aerial  transportation  terminals.     Aviation 

landing  places. 

Cf.  4384. 

Types,  by  kind  of  traffic. 

Passenger. 

Cf.  2695  +  . 

2800 

General. 

2805 

General  special. 

2807 

Relation   to   local   transportation  and 

rapid  transit. 

Cf.  2350 +  . 

Freight. 

a.  2522,  2710  +  . 

51 

CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  {continued). 
Channels  of  tkansportation. 
Terminal  facilities. 
Types,  bj'  kind  of  traffic. 
Freight  {continued). 

2820  General. 

2825  General  special. 

2S27  Relation  to  markets. 

Cf.  1660. 

2829  Transshipment.        "Free  ports." 

Conduits.     Wires, 
2850  General. 

2855  General  special. 

2857  Relation  to  street  maintenance. 

2860  Sjiecial  aspects. 

2870  Legislation. 

2875  Special  professional  considerations. 

Conduits,  pipes,  etc. 

Culverts,    see    2273.       Cf.    Library    of    Congress 
Cliua  TD.    (Sanitary  and  municipal  engineering.) 

2880  General. 

2S.sri  Water-supply   and    distribution,    including 

aqueducts. 

For   monumental  aqueducts,   see   3740 +•     Cf. 
14.56. 

2888  Auxiliary     high-pressure     fire-protection 

water-supply. 

Cf.  1478. 

2890  Sewerage  and  surface  drainage  systems. 

Cf.  14.52,  1462+. 

2895  Subsurface  drainage  systems. 

Cf.  14.52. 

2900  Gas  distribution. 

2905  Pneumatic  tubes. 

2910  Other. 

Wires. 

Cf.  4856. 

29L5  General. 

2920  (Jeneral  special. 

2922  Removal  of  overhead  wires. 

.52 


CITY  PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Channels  op  transportation. 
Conduits.    Wires. 
Wires  (continued). 

2925  Power,  light,  and  heat  wires. 

2930  Telephone  and  telegraph  wires. 

2935  "Wireless"  apparatus. 

Blocks  *  and  lots.    Land  subdivision. 

In  usual  sense.  Cf.  1800+  and  3380 +  .  Put  here  gen- 
eral material  relating  to  both  blocks  and  lots,  putting 
special  material  relating  to  one  alone  under  Blocks  or  Lots. 
The  full  subdivision  is  given  under  each  of  the  three  head- 
ings to  provide  for  the  arrangement  of  graphic  material. 
For  printed  material,  use  principally  Blocks  and  lots,  and 
Lots,  putting  under  Blocks  only  special  material  such  as 
would  come  in  3150-3220. 


3000 

General. 

3005 

General  special. 

3010 

Special  aspects. 

3011 

Topographic. 

3012 

Social. 

3013 

Hygienic. 

3014 

Economic. 

Real  estate. 

3015 

Esthetic. 

3016 

Historic. 

3020 

Legislation.     Restrictions. 

• 

Cf.  1620.   Zoning. 

3025 

Special  professional  considerations. 

3026 

Data. 

3027 

Design. 

3028 

Construction  and  maintenance. 

3029 

Cost. 

Size,  shape,  orientation,  topography.    Adaptabil- 

ity to  development. 

Cf.  3120+,  3270+. 

3040 

General. 

3045 

Size.     Dimensions. 

Cf.  3125,  3275. 

*  Block  is  used  in  the  sense  of  an  area  of  ground,  not  in  its  popular  sense, 
houses  in-block. 

53 


CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Blocks  and  lots.     Land  subdivision. 
Size,  shapo  .  .  .     Adaptability  to  development 

(cotitinucfi). 

3()')()  Shape.     Proportions. 

Cf.  ai30+,  32H(). 

'M)i\{)  Orientation. 

Cf.  2090,  3140,  3290. 

Hot)')  Topography. 

Cf.  314.5,  3293  +  . 

.S()7()  Relation  to  street. 

For  relation  of  block  nrea  to  street  area,  see  2150.    Cf. 
31.5.5,  3305 +  . 

H  plat  ion  of  area  to  buildings  thereon. 

Cf.  31»)5+,  .3315  +  . 

8075  General. 

3077  Proportion  of  built-over  area. 

3070  Disposition  of  built-over  area. 
3081  Building  lines. 

Cf.  2157,  3460. 

3083  Building  heights. 

Cf.  1640,  3460,  3480 +  . 

3087  Disposition  of  unbuilt-over  area. 

Cf.  3177,  3327. 

3089  Courts,  gardens,  etc. 

Cf.  3179,  3329  +  . 

3091  Passageways . 

a.  3181. 
Blocks. 

See  pote  under  3000  + .    Blocks  and  lots. 

3100  General. 

3105  General  special. 

•^ll''>  Special  professional  considerations. 

Size,  shape,  orientation,  topography.    Adapta- 
bility to  development. 

Cf.  3040 +,  3270 +. 

3120  General. 

•^125  Size.     Dimensions. 

a.  3045,  3275. 
54 


CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Blocks  and  lots.     Land  subdivision. 
Blocks. 

Size,  shape  .  .  .   Adaptability  to  development 

(continued) . 

Shape.     Proportions. 

Cf.  3050,  3280 +  . 


3130 

General. 

3131 

Rectangular. 

Cf.  3282. 

3133 

Tapering. 

3135 

With  one  side  or  more  curvilinear. 

3139 

Other. 

3140 

Orientation. 

Cf.  3060,  3290. 

3145 

Topography. 

Cf.  3065,  .3293  +  . 

3150 

Relation  to  other  blocks. 

3151 

EquaUty. 

3152 

Dominance  or  subordination. 

3155 

Relation  to  street. 

Cf.  3070,  3305 +  . 

3160 

Subdivision  into  lots. 

3163 

Fluctuation  in  sizes  of  component  lots. 

Relation  of  area  to  buildings  thereon. 

Cf.  3075+,  3315  +  . 

3165 

General. 

3167 

Proportion  of  built-over  area. 

3169 

Disposition  of  built-over  area. 

3177 

Disposition  of  unbuilt-over  area. 

Cf.  3087 +,  3327. 

3179 

Courts,  block  interiors. 

Cf.  3089. 

3181 

Passageways,  alleys,  etc.    Access  to  in- 

teriors. 

Cf.  2242,  3091. 

3183 

Corner  reservations. 

Cf.  3308. 

55 

CITY   PLANNING 
Klkmknts  of  city  plans  {continued). 

liLOCKS  AND  LOTS.      LaND  SUBDIVISION. 

Blocks  {continued). 

Spocial  types  of  occupancy. 
Business. 

a.  1630+. 

3190  (ioncral. 

3195  Manufacturing  plants. 

Hiiildiiins  and  grounds.    Cf.  3595. 

3197  Brick-yards,   lumber-yards,   tan-yards, 

stock-yards,  etc. 

Cf.  2725. 

3199  Pleasure  grounds  for  employees. 

.3'2IM)  Warehouses. 

Cf.  1655,  3605. 

3205  Office  buildings. 

Cf.  .3600. 

3210  Retail  shops. 

Cf.  1670,  3600. 

3220  Other. 

Residence. 

Cf.  1675+,  3380 +,  3620 +. 

3230  General. 

3235  Houses  in-block. 

Cf.  1700+,  .3635+. 

3240  Detached  houses. 

Cf.  1705 +,  3650 +. 


(3244) 
(3245) 

(Agriculture.)     See  1715 -1-. 
(Open-air  recreation.)     See  4000. 

Lots. 

See  note  under  3000 +  .    Blocks  and  lots. 

3250 

General. 

3255 
3205 
3209 

General  special. 

Special  professional  considerations. 
Cost. 

Size,  shape,  orientation,  topography 
tability  to  development. 

Cf.  3040+,  3120+. 

3270 

General. 

Adap- 


CITY  PLANNING 


Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 

Blocks  and  lots.     Land  subdivision. 

Lots. 

Size,   shape  .  .  .  Adaptability  to  development 

{continued) . 

3275 

Size.     Dimensions. 

a.  3045,  3125. 

Shape.     Proportions. 

Cf.  3050,  31 30  +  . 

3280 

General. 

3281 

Shape. 

3282 

Rectangular. 

Cf.  3131. 

3284 

Unusual  shapes. 

3285 

Proportions. 

3286 

Oblong. 

3289 

Other. 

3290 

Orientation. 

Cf.  3060,  3140. 

3293 

Topography. 

Cf.  3065,  3145. 

3295 

Hillside  lots. 

3300 

Relation  of  lots  to  other  lots. 

3304 

Treatment  of  lot  boundaries.  Walls, 

fences,  hedges. 

Cf.  3825. 

Relation  to  street. 

Cf.  3070,  3155. 

3305 

General. 

3306 

General  special. 

3308 

Corner  lots. 

Cf.  3183. 

3310 

Frontage. 

3311 

Depth. 

3312 

Grade. 

Relation  of  area  to  buildings  thereon. 

Cf.  3075 +,  3165 +  . 

3315 

General. 

3317 

Proportion  of  built-over  area. 

3319 

Disposition  of  built-over  area. 

57 

CITY    PLANNING 

Elkmknts  of  city  PhASS  (continued) . 
Blocks  and  lots.     Land  subdivision. 

IX)TS. 

Rolation  of  arou  to  Iniildings  .  .  .  (continued). 
:\:\'27  Disposition  of  uiihuilt-over  area. 

Cf.  30S7+  .3177. 

3321)  Gardens. 

(3330)  (Dooryard).     See  4901. 

(333 1 )  ( Backyard . )     See  4902 . 
3334  Other. 

Special  types  of  occupancy. 
(3340)  (Business.)      See   31 90  +  ,    Blocks. 

Residential.      Land    subdivision    for    resi- 
dences. 
Cf.  1675+,  :v2:iO+,  :W20+. 
3380  General. 

3385  Large  estates, 

3390  Suburban  places. 

3395  Building  lots.     House  lots. 

Structures.  Architectural  and  engineering, 
except  structures  constituting  channels 
of  transportation. 

For  tlicse  sec  2000 +. 

34(M)  General. 

3405  General  special. 

3410  Special  aspects. 

3415  Esthetic. 

3416  Historic. 
3419  Other. 

(3420)  (Legislation.) 

3425  Special  professional  considerations. 

Buildings. 

Cf.  Library  of  Congress  Class  NA  (Architecture)  and 
TH  (Building  construction). 


3440 

General. 

3445 

General  special. 

344S 

Relation  to  surroundings. 

a.  4550 +,  4600 +. 

3450 

Special  aspects. 

3452 

Social. 

58 

CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Structures. 
Buildings. 

Special  aspects  (continued). 

3453  Hygienic. 

3455  Esthetic. 

General  effect  of  style,  scale,  etc.   Consistency. 

3456  Historic. 
3460                Legislation. 

Including  building  laws,  building  codes,  restrictions 
affecting  appearance,  etc.  Cf.  1620,  Zoning;  3081. 
Building  lines;  3083,  Building  heights. 

3465  Special  professional  considerations. 

3466  Data. 

3467  Design. 

3468  Construction  and  maintenance. 

3469  Cost. 
Form. 

3475  General. 

3480  Size.     Height. 

Cf.  1640,  2163,  3083,  5660. 

3489  "Skyscrapers." 

Cf.  5660. 

3490  Style. 

Architectural.     Cf.  5690. 

3500  Special  elements. 

3502  Domes,  spires,  towers,  etc. 

3504  Roofs,  etc. 

3506  Walls,  doors,  windows,  etc. 

3509  Other. 

Materials.  * 

Cf.  1640,  5680. 

3510  General. 

3515  General  special. 

3517  Color. 

Cf.  1256. 

3520  Structural  materials. 

3521  Wood. 

3523  Brick  and  tile. 

59 


CITY   PLANNING 
Elkmknts  of  city  plans  (continued). 

STIUCTimES. 

Buildings. 

Matorials. 

Structural  materials  (continued.) 

3524  Stone. 

352G  Concrete. 

3527  Reinforced  concrete. 

3528  Iron  and  steel. 

3529  Other. 

Special  surface  treatment. 
3535  Stucco-plaster. 

3539  Other. 

Types  of  construction.* 

Cf .  1478,  Hud  Library  of  Congress,  Class  TH  (Build- 
ing construction). 

3540  General. 

3542  Fire-resistive. 

Masonry  walls,  incombustible  floors. 

3543  Semi-fire-resistive. 

Masonry  walls,  wooden  floors. 

3544  Combustible. 

Wooden  walls  and  floors. 

3549  Other. 

Buildings  for  special  uses. 

Cf.  4600+.  Probably  better  to  concentrate  mate- 
rial here  in  3.560+  unless  there  is  a  special  reason  for 
doing  otherwise.  If  it  is  desired  to  subdivide  under 
each  group,  buildings  may  be  arranged  alphabetically 
by  kind  of  building. 

35tJ0  General.     Collective. 

3563  Public  buildings. 

Including  federal,  state,  and  municipal  buildings. 

3565  Administration. 

Including  capitols,  city  halls,  court  houses,  etc. 

3568  Special  municipal  services. 

Including  pumping  stations,  water-towers, 
standpipes,  power  houses,  gas  tanks,  fire  stations, 
police  stations,  prisons,  etc.  Cf.  4500 +,  Open 
spaces  devoted  to  operation  of  special  municipal 
services. 

•  Classification  by  Professor  C.  W.  Killam,  Harvard  University. 

60 


CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Structures. 
Buildings. 

Buildings  for  special  uses  [continued). 
3570  Educational  buildings. 

Schools,  libraries,  museums,  etc.    Cf.  3722. 

3575  Buildings  for  recreation. 

Opera   houses,  theatres,    auditoriums,    etc.      Cf. 
3728. 

3580  Public  baths,  gymnasia,  etc. 

3585  Hospitals,  asylums,  etc. 

3590  Churches. 

3595  Buildings  for  manufacturing. 

Factories,  mills,  etc.    Cf.  3195. 

3600  Buildings  for  business  and  commerce. 

Shops,  office  buildings,  banks,  etc.    Cf.  3205,  3210. 

3605  Buildings  for  transportation  and  storage. 

Raih-oad  stations,  Cf.  24S0;  Warehouses,  Cf.  1655, 
2718,  3200,  etc. 

3610  Markets. 

Cf.  1660. 

3618  Hotels,  clubs,  etc. 

Residences. 

Cf.  1430 +,  1675 +  ,  3230 +,  .3.380  +  . 

3620  General. 

3625  General  special. 

(3630)  Special  types. 

Houses  in-block. 

Cf.  1700 +,  3235. 

3635  General. 

3636  Single. 

Cf.  1701. 

3637  High-cost. 

Cf.  1695. 

3638  Medium-cost. 

Cf.  1696. 

3639  Low-cost. 

Cf.  1697. 

3641  Multiple. 

3642  High-cost.    High  class  apartments. 

Cf.  1695,  1702. 
61 


CITY   PLANNING 

Elemknts  of  city  PhXNS  {continued). 
Stki'ctuues. 
builuincjs. 

liuildiiifis  for  sju'cial  uses. 
Hositlences. 
Sp(H'ial  types. 
Houses  in-block. 

Multiple  {continued). 

3043  Medium-cost. 

Cf.  1696. 

3644  Low-cost.  Tenements. 

Cf.  1697.  1703. 

Detached  houses. 

Cf.  1705  +  ,  3240. 

3650  General. 

3651  Single. 

Cf.  1706. 

3652  High-cost. 

Cf.  1695. 

3653  Medium-cost. 

Cf.  1696. 

3654  Low-cost.  Cottages. 

Cf.  1697. 

3650  Semi-detached. 

Cf.  1707. 

3658  Medium-cost. 

Cf.  1696. 

3059  Low-cost. 

Cf.  1697. 

3669  Other. 
Minor  buildings. 

3670  General. 

3675  Shelters,  pavilions. 

a.  2410,  4137,  4345. 

3677  Public  comfort  stations. 

3681  Bandstands,  etc. 

3684  Booths,  street-stands. 

3687  Greenhouses. 

Cf.  4.')45. 

3689  Other. 

62 


CITY  PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Structures. 

Buildings  (continued). 

Building  groups. 

Cf.  4550  +  .  Probably  better  to  concentrate  material 
here  in  3700+  as  under  Buildings,  unless  there  is  a 
special  reason  for  doing  otherwise. 

3700  General. 

3705  General  special. 

3710  Design. 

Of  groups  as  wholes.  Interrelation  of  buildings 
in  groups.  For  design  of  buildings  individually,  see 
3440 +  . 

(3715)  Building  groups  for  special  uses. 

This  section  may  be  expanded  to  correspond 
with  3560 +  . 

3720  Administrative,  etc. 

Cf.  1627,  3565,  (4570). 

3722  Educational,  etc. 

Cf.  3570. 

3724  Exposition  groups. 

Cf.  (4.585). 

3728  Recreational,  etc. 

Cf.  3575. 

3739  Other. 
Bridges.    Viaducts. 

Including  monumental  aqueducts.  Cf.  2138,  2390. 
2885,  and  Library  of  Congi-e.ss  Class  TG  (Bridges,  etc.). 
Put  here  general  material  on  bridges  and  viaducts  con- 
sidered as  structures,  e.  g.  bridge  design  —  architec- 
tural and  engineering  considerations.  For  special 
treatises  on  Bridges  in  connection  with  transportation, 
see  note  under  3790. 

3740  General. 

3745  General  special. 

3750  Special  aspects. 

3760  Legislation. 

3765  Special  professional  considerations. 

3770  Form. 

3780  Materials. 

(3790)  (Bridges  and  viaducts  for  special  uses.)     See 

the   special   uses:    2270 +,  Highway 
bridges;     2262,     Footbridges;    2390, 
Street-railway  bridges;  2515+,  Rail- 
road bridges. 
63 


CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  {continued). 
Structures  {continued). 

3800  Dams.     Dikes.     Levees. 

Cf.  1454,  2(il5  +  . 

Defensive  works. 

Cf.  14S(),  2(V2r»,  Mil. 


3810 

CJoneriil. 

3812 

Fortifications.     Forts. 

3815 

City  walls.    City  gates. 

Cf.  1745 +  . 

Minor  structures. 

Cf.  3670+,    Minor  buildings. 

3820 

General. 

3825 

Walls,  fences,   gates,   etc.     Boundary  struc- 

tures. 

Cf.  3304. 

3830 

Monuments,  monumental  arches,  obelisks,  etc 

3840 

Statues,  including  monumental  statues. 

3845 

Fountains,  basins,  etc. 

3S49 

Drinking  fountains,  troughs. 

Cf.  (2302). 

(3850) 

(Street  name-plates.)     See  2292. 

3855 

Clocks. 

Cf.  (2298). 

3857 

Flag]3oles,  flagstaffs. 

3860 

Street  and  park  furniture. 

Seats,  waste  cans,  etc.  Cf.  2290 +,  Street  furni- 
ture, and  4141,  Park  furniture.  Material  may  be 
grouped  according  to  point  of  view. 

3870  Lighting-fixtures,  lamp-posts,  electroliers,  etc. 

Cf.  1470,  (2310). 

3872  City  scales. 

3875  Illuminated  signs,  etc. 

3878  Kiosks.     Advertising  kiosks. 

3880  Billboards.     Posters.     Billboard  nuisance. 

3882  Shop  signs.     ( 'ommercial  street  signs. 

3885  Other. 

64 


CITY  PLANNING 


Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 

Structures  (continued). 

3890 

Other. 

Open  spaces,  public  and  quasi-public,  other  than 

for  traffic. 

Cf.  1495,  1730,  4930. 

4000 

General. 

4005 

General  special. 

4010 

Special  aspects. 

4011 

Topographic. 

4012 

Social. 

4013 

Hygienic. 

4014 

Economic. 

4015 

Open  spaces  as  obstructions  to  traffic. 

4016 

Effect  of  open  spaces  on  land  values. 

Cf.  1563 +. 

4020 

Esthetic. 

4021 

Preservation  of  natural  landscape. 

Cf.  4225. 

4022 

Types  of  treatment,  formal  and  informal. 

4025 

Historic. 

4030 

Legislation. 

4035 

Special  professional  considerations. 

Park  systems. 

Put  here  ouly  material  on  park  systems  as  sucli. 
For  the  components  of  park  systems,  see  4100 +, 
Parks  and  reservations;  2209,  Parkways;  4300 +, 
Playgrounds. 

4040  General. 

4055  Special  professional  considerations. 

4060  Park  systems  for  special  types  of  cities. 

Cf.  subdivisions  of  5200 +. 

4085  Industrial  cities. 

Parks  and  reservations: 

Cf.  4935. 

4100  General. 

4105  General  special. 

4106  Encroachments  on  public  parks,  buildings 

in  parks. 
65 


CITY  PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Open  spaces  .  .  .  other  than  for  traffic. 
Parks  and  reservations. 
General  special  (continued). 
4108  Private  concessions. 

4120  Legislation. 

Including  park  regulation. 

4125  Special  professional  considerations. 

4120  Data. 

4127  Design. 

4128  Construction  and  maintenance. 

4129  Cost. 

Provision  for  comfort  and  pleasure. 
4135  General. 

4137  Resting  places,  shelters,  etc. 

Cf.  3675. 

4139  Outdoor  eating  places,  refreshment  places. 

4141  Park  furniture. 

a.  3800. 

Reservations. 
4150  General. 

4155  General  special. 

4160  Forest  reservations. 

Cf.  (1725). 

Shore     reservation^.     Recreational     water- 
fronts. 

Cf.  2640+,  Commercial  waterfronts. 

4170  General. 

4175  General  special. 

4177  Combination  with  commercial  utiliza- 

tion. 
4179  Misuse,  defacement  of  shores. 

Special  situations. 

4181  Seashore.    Marine  parks. 

Cf.  1370. 

4182  Lake. 

Cf.  1370,  1374. 

4183  River. 

Cf.  1376. 
00 


CITY  PLANNING 

Elements  op  city  plans  (continued). 
Open  spaces  .  .  .  other  than  for  traffic. 
Parks  and  reservations. 
Reservations. 

Shore    reservations.      Recreational    water- 
fronts. 
Special  situations  (continued). 
4184  Island. 

Cf.  1372. 

4190  Types  of  treatment,  formal  and  informal. 

(4195)  Provision  for  special  forms  of  recreation. 

(4196)  (Drives,  shore  boulevards.)  See  2205 +. 
4197                            Promenades,  embankments. 

Cf.  2258. 

4199  Recreation  piers. 

4201  Bathing  beaches. 

4203  Boating  facilities. 

4205  Winter-sport  facilities. 

4210  Reservoir  reservations,  not  primarily  parks. 

Cf.  4510. 

4220  Summit  reservations,  outlooks,  etc. 

Cf.  1356. 

4225  Places  containing  special  natural  features. 

Of.  4021. 

4230  Places  of  special  historic  interest. 

Cf.  1276. 

4240  Large  parks.     Country  parks. 

Small  parks,  commons,  garden  squares,  neigh- 
borhood parks. 

Cf.  (4450). 

4250  General. 

4255  Types  of  treatment. 

Public  gardens,  etc. 
Cf.  4940. 
4260  General. 

4265  Botanical  gardens. 

4270  Zoological  parks. 

4274  Other. 

4275  Open-air  theatres.     Settings  for  pageants. 

67 


C:iTY  PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Open  spaces  .  .  .  other  than  for  traffic. 
Parks  and  reservations  (continued). 
42S0  Open-air  concert  and  beer  "gardens." 

4290  Amusement  parks.     Street-railway  parks. 

Playgrounds,  athletic  fields.    Provision  for 
special  sports. 

Cf .  Library  of  Congress,  Class  GV  (Sports  and  amuse- 
ments). 

4300  General. 

Playgrounds. 

4310  General. 

4315  General  special. 

43 K)  Distribution  of  playgrounds. 

4318  As  social  centers. 

4330  Legislation. 

4335  Special  professional  considerations. 

4336  Data. 

4337  Design. 

4338  Construction  and  maintenance. 

4339  Cost. 

4345  Shelter  buildings. 

Cf.  3675. 

4350  Swimming  pools,  wading  pools. 

4355  Apparatus. 

(4360)  (Planting.)     See  4945 

4370  Athletic  fields,  ball  grounds,  etc. 
4375  Stadiums. 

4380  Race- tracks.     Speedways. 

Cf.  2209,  Parkways. 

4384  Aviation  grounds.     Aerodromes. 

Cf.  2795. 

4385  Provision  for  other  special  sports. 
4395            Drill  grounds. 

Squares. 

The  subheads  enclosed  in  curves  are  given  to  complete 
the  classification  of  squares.  Unless  for  special  purposes, 
it  is  not  intended  that  material  shall  be  classified  here 
under  those  subheads,  but  rather  in  the  places  referred  to. 

4400  General. 

68 


CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Open  spaces  .  .  .  other  than  for  traffic. 
Squares  (continued). 

4405  General  special. 

4415  Special  professional  considerations. 

(4420)  (Traffic.)     See  2197. 

(4423)  (Station  places.   Station  squares.)    See  2485  + 

4425  Market  places.     Market  squares. 

Cf.  1660. 

4430  Congregating  places,  fora,  exchange  places. 

4435  Architectural,  Monumental. 

Cf.  (4575). 

(4440)      (Business.)  See  2233. 
(4445)      (Residential.)  See  2238. 
(4450)      (Garden.)  See  4250  + . 
Cemeteries. 

For  Churchyards  and  Graveyards,  soc  4650,  Grounds 
of  churches. 

4480  General. 

4485  General  special. 

4495  Special  professional  considerations. 

Open  spaces  devoted  to  operation  of  special 
municipal  services. 

Location  and  design,  including  location  of  buildings 
in  area.  For  construction,  engineering  features,  see 
Library  of  Congress,  Class  TD,  (Municipal  engineer- 
ing).    For  Buildings,  see  3568. 

4500  General. 

4501  General  special. 

4505  Special  professional  considerations. 

4510  Water-supply  areas. 

Including  reservoirs,   basins,    filtration  plants.     Cf. 
1456,  4210. 

4520  Sewage  disposal  areas. 

Including  sewerage   plants,  sewage  disposal  plants, 
sewage  farms,  filtration  beds.     Cf.  1464. 

4538  Municipal  dumps. 

Cf.  1472. 

4540  Yards,  stables,  for  use  of   municipal  depart- 

ments.    "City    yards."     Areas    for 
storage  of  municipal  equipment. 

E.   g.   equipment    for  street  cleaning,   garbage   and 
rubbish  removal. 

69 


CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Open  spaces  devoted  to  operation  of  special 
MUNICIPAL  SERVICES  (continued). 

4545  Municipal  nurseries.     Greenhouses. 

C'f.  :i687. 

4549  Other. 

(Jkounus  of  Building  Groups. 

Cf.  ;i70()  +  .  This  section  need  not  be  used  unless  de- 
sirable for  special  reasons,  but  all  material  grouped  in 
.3700+. 

4550  Generah 

4555  General  special. 

4565  Special  professional  considerations. 

Special  types. 
(4570)  (Civic  centers.)    See  1627,  3720. 

(4575)  (Architectural   and   monumental   squares.) 

See  4435. 
(4585)  (Exposition  grounds.)    See  3724. 

Grounds  of  Single  Buildings. 

Cf.  3560 +  .  This  section  need  not  be  used  unless  de- 
sirable for  special  reasons,  but  all  material  grouped  in 
3560 +. 

4600  General. 

4605  General  special. 

4615  Special  professional  considerations. 

4620  Special  types. 

Cf.  3560,  Buildings  for  special  uses.  Same  subdi- 
visions can  be  used  here,  with  same  intervals  of  num- 
bers: e.  g.,  Churchyards,  Graveyards,  4650. 


Vegetation. 

Cf.  1715-f ,  416( 

(Horticulture,  etc. 

4800 

General. 

4805 

General  special 

4810 

Special  aspects. 

4811 

Climatic. 

4813 

Hygienic. 

4814 

Economic. 

4815 

Esthetic. 

4820 

Legislation. 

70 


CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Vegetation  (continued) . 

Special  professional  considerations. 
4825  General. 

4830  Data.      Choice    of    vegetation. 

Vegetation  adapted  to  urban  conditions,  to  particu- 
lar purposes. 

4835  Design.     Planting  design. 

Construction  and  maintenance. 
4840  General. 

4842  Cost. 

4844  Soil  preparation  and  cultivation.    Irrigation. 

Drainage. 

Cf.  1380  +  . 

4846  Protection.     Tree  guards,  railings,  etc. 

Prevention  and  mitigation  of  adverse  con- 
ditions. 
4850  General. 

4852  Insect  pests,  spraying,  etc. 

4854  Smoke. 

Cf.  1449. 

4856  Wires. 

Cf.  2915. 

4858  Underground  gas-leaks. 


bPECIAL   FORMS. 

4860 

Trees. 

Cf.  4885. 

4861 

Shrubs. 

Cf.  4886. 

4862 

Herbaceous  plants 

Cf.  4887. 

4863 

Turf. 

Cf.  4888. 

4870) 

Special  uses. 

Street  planting. 

Including  roadside  improvement.    Cf.  (2109),  (2315). 

4875  General. 

71 


CITY   PLANNING 


Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 

Vegetation. 

Special  uses. 

Street  planting  (continued). 

4880 

General  special. 

4882 

Selection  of  trees,  etc.,  in  regard  to  width 

of  streets. 

Special  forms. 

4885 

Trees. 

Cf.  4860. 

4886 

Shrubs. 

a.  4861. 

4887 

Flower  beds. 

Cf.  4862. 

4888 

Turf  strips. 

a.  (2109),  4863. 

Special  uses. 

4891 

Business  streets. 

Cf.  2195 +. 

4892 

Residential  streets. 

Cf.  223.5  +  . 

4893 

Parkways,  boulevards. 

a.  2207,  2209. 

Lot  planting. 

4000 

General. 

4901 

Dooryard  gardens. 

a.  (3330). 

4902 

Backyard  gardens. 

Cf.  (3331). 

4905 

Vacant  lot  gardens. 

4907 

School  gardens. 

4909 

Other. 

Building  decoration. 

4910 

General. 

4912 

Vines. 

4914 

Window  gardens,   \vindow  boxes,   balcony 

gardens. 

4916 

Plants  (e.  g.  bay  trees)  in  tubs,  boxes,  pots. 

4919 

Roof  gardens. 
72 

CITY   PLANNING 

Elements  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Vegetation. 
Special  uses  (continued). 

Planting  of  open  spaces,  public  and  quasi- 
public,  other  than  for  traffic. 
Cf.  4000 +. 

4930  General. 

4935  Parks. 

Cf.  4100  +  . 

4940  Public  gardens. 

a.  4260 +. 

4945  Playgrounds. 

Cf.  (4360). 

5000        Other  elements. 

Types  of  City  Plans. 

General  only,  or  collections  of  works  on  individual  cities  illu.s- 
f  rating  types;  other  works  on  individual  cities  go  with  6S00+, 
City  planning,  by  special  countries  and  cities  arranged  geo- 
graphically. 


5200 

General. 

5205 

General  special. 

Types  distinguished  by  climate 

Cf.  1330 +  . 

5210 

General. 

5215 

Temperate. 

5220 

Hot. 

5225 

Cold. 

5230        Types  distinguished  by  Types  of  population, 
races,  nationalities. 

Cf.  1400+. 

Types  distinguished  by  relation  to  topography. 

Cf.  1340 +. 

5250  General. 

5255  Coast  or  shore  cities. 

Cf.  1370. 

5260  Island  cities. 

Cf.  1372. 

73 


(  ITV    PLANNING 

Types  of  city  plans  (continued). 
Types  distinguished  by  relation  to  topogra- 
phy (continued). 

5265  River  cities. 

Cf.  i:{7(),  2r),s()-|-. 

5270  Cities  on  plains. 

Cf.  13.52. 

52S0  Cities  in  valleys. 

Cf.  i:{.54. 
5285  Cities  on  sloping  sites. 

Cf.  i:«»). 
5290  Hilltop  cities. 

Cf.  135G. 

Types  distinguished  by  dominant  function. 
5300  General. 

5305  Governniontal. 

5310  Military  and  naval.  ' 

5311  Military. 

Cf.  3810+. 

5313  Naval. 

Cf.  262.5. 

Commercial. 

5315  General. 

5316  Railroad  centers. 

Cf.  2450+. 

5317  Ports. 

a.  2550+. 

5319  other. 
Industrial. 

Cf.  163.5,  4085. 

5320  General. 

5321  Manufacturing. 

5322  Mining. 

5324  Other. 

5325  Educational.    University  cities. 

5330  Residential. 

Cf.  1675  +  . 

5331  Suburban  cities  and  towns. 

Cf.  1685+,  Suburban  districts. 

5333  Resorts,  health  and  pleasure. 

74 


CITY  PLANNING 

Types  op  city  plans  (continued). 
Types  distinguished  by  dominant  function  (con- 
tinued) . 

5350  Garden  cities.     Garden  suburbs.     Garden  vil- 

lages. 

Cf.  582,  1635,  1GS5.  For  convcuienco  all  CJardcn  City 
literature  may  be  collected  here  with  gcographi<;al  ar- 
rangement (use  same  relation  of  nuinlicrs  as  given  in 
geographical  table);  or  local  material  may  be  put  witli 
6800 +,  City  planning,  by  special  countries  and  cities. 

5550  Other. 

5552  Utopias,  etc. 

Types  distinguished  by  size  of  city. 
5600  General. 

5605  Villages, 

To   5000  inhabitants.     Cf.  580.     Village  improvement 
literature  may  be  collected  here. 

5610  Small  cities. 

5000-50,000. 

5615  Medium-sized  cities. 

50,000-100,000. 

5620  Large  cities. 

100,000  to  one  million. 

5625  Largest  cities. 

One  million  and  over. 

Types  distinguished   by  style   of   city   plan, 
architectural  character  of  city. 
5630  General. 

Dominant  types  of  plat. 

Cf.  1800 +  .  This  section  5635+  is  provided  particu- 
larly to  classify  graphic  material. 


Formal. 

Cf.  1835 +  . 

5635 

General. 

5637 

Gridiron. 

^  Cf.  1837. 

5639 

Gridiron  and  diagonal. 

Cf.  1839. 

5641 

Radius  and  round-point 

Cf.  1841. 

5644 

Other. 

75 

CITY    PLANNING 

Types  of  Cut  Plans  {continued). 
Types  distixcjiished  by  style  of  city  plan.  .  .  . 
Dominant  types  of  plat  {continued). 

Informal. 

Cf.  1845  +  . 

5t)4o  General. 

5647  Rectilinear. 

Cf.  1847. 

51)49  Curvilinear. 

Cf.  184'J. 

5t)51  Composite. 

Cf.  1851. 

5()<)0  Dominant  height  of  construction.     Skyscraper 

cities. 

Cf.  3480+. 

5680  Dominant  building  materials. 

Brick,  wood,  etc.    Cf.  3510 +,  3-540  +  . 

5690  Dominant  architectural  style, 

a.  3490. 

6800    City  planning,  by  special  countries  and  cities 

6984  arranged  geographically.     See  Geographical 

table,    and    Subarrangement    of     material 

under     individual     countries     and     cities, 

following. 


70 


GEOGRAPHICAL  TABLE. 

This  table  is  substantially  that  given  at  the  end  of  Class  N,  of  the  Library  of 
Congress  Classification,  there  designated  as  Table  II.  It  is  here  numbered  ready 
to  use  in  connection  with  this  City  Planning  Scheme.  It  will  be  noted  that  the 
gap  left  after  the  number  assigned  to  a  country  (e.  g.  Canada,  6S29,  Mexico, 
6831)  can  be  used  for  a  se])arate  niunber  assigned  to  works  on  indiviflual  cities 
of  that  country  if  the  user  so  desires.  In  that  case,  for  example,  works  on  City 
Planning  in  Canada  would  be  numbered  G829,  while  a  work  on  the  Plan  of  Cal- 
gary would  be  numbered  6830  Cal,  {Cal  being  the  abbreviation  formed  from  the 
first  few  letters  of  the  city  name).  The  School  of  Landscape  Architecture  uses 
this  method,  which  for  a  very  small  collection  niiglit  not  be  worth  while. 

It  was  considered  best  to  publish  a  full  geographical  table,  especially  to  pro- 
vide for  the  arrangement  of  descriptive  material,  photographs,  and  postcards 
which  might  be  assembled  as  data  from  all  over  the  world. 

COUNTRY  SUBDIVISIONS. 


6801 

America. 

6803 

North  America. 

6805 

United  States. 

By  sections. 

To  be  used  only  if  desired.    See  note  under  6827,  Cities. 

6810 

New  England. 

6811 

South. 

6814 

Central. 

6817 

West. 

6819 

Pacific  States. 

6825 

States  A-Z. 

6827 

Cities  A-Z. 

It  is  most  convenient  to  arrange  material  alphabetically 

by  cities  as  far  as  possible. 

6829 

Canada. 

6831 

Mexico. 

6833 

Central  America. 

6835 

British  Honduras. 

6837 

Costa  Rica. 

6839 

Guatemala. 

6841 

Honduras. 

6843 

Nicaragua. 

6845 

Salvador 

77 

GEOGRAPHICAL  TABLE 

6S46  Panama. 

G847  \\'est  Indies. 

6849  Bahamas. 

6851  Cuba. 

6853  Haiti. 

6855  Jamaica. 

6857  Porto  Rico. 

6858  Other. 

6859  South  America. 

6861  Argentine  Republic. 

6863  Bolivia. 

6865  Brazil. 

6867  Chile. 

6869  Colombia. 

6871  Ecuador. 

6873  Guiana. 

6875  Paraguay. 

6877  Peru. 

6879  Uruguay. 

6881  Venezuela. 

6883  Europe. 

6885  Great  Britain.     England. 

6887  England.     Local. 

6889  Scotland. 

6891  Ireland. 

6893  Wales. 

6895  Austria-Hungary. 

6897  France. 

6899  Germany. 

6901  Greece. 

6903  Italy. 

6905  Netherlands. 

6907  Holland. 

6909  Belgium.     Flanders. 

6911  Russia. 

6913  Scandinavia. 

6915  Denmark. 

6917  Iceland. 

6919  Norway. 

6921  Sweden. 


GEOGRAPHICAL   TABLE 

Europe  (continued). 

6923  Spain.    Spain  and  Portugal. 

6925  Portugal. 

6927  Switzerland. 

6929  Turkey. 

6931  Other  Balkan  States. 

6933  Bulgaria. 

6935  Montenegro. 

6937  Rumania. 

6939  Servia. 

6941  Others. 

6943  Asia.     The  Orient. 

6945  Southwestern    Asia.      Near    East.    Levant.    Asia 

Minor.     Turkey  in  Asia. 

6947  Persia. 

6949  Central  Asia. 

6951  Southern  Asia.     India.     Ceylon. 

6953  Indo-China. 

6955  French  Indo-China. 

6957  Indonesia.    Malaysia. 

6959  Dutch  East  Indies. 

6961  Philippines. 

6963  Eastern  Asia. 

6965  China. 

6967  Japan. 

6969  Northern  Asia.    Siberia.    Russia  in  Asia. 

6973  Africa. 

6975  North. 

6977  South. 

6979  Austraha. 

6981  New  Zealand. 

6983  Pacific  Islands. 

6984  Special  A-Z. 


79 


SUBARRANGEMENT  OF  :\IATERIAL  UNDER 
INDIVIDUAL  COUNTRIES   AND   CITIES. 

It  will  vory  often  bo  necessary  to  subdivide  the  material 
aceunuilated  for  individual  cities.  The  simplest  method  of 
doing  this  is  to  use  the  number  for  the  city  followed  by  the 
numbers  for  the  topics  as  given  in  the  general  classification 
scheme.  For  example,  a  man  living  in  Chicago  has  besides 
the  general  city-plan  reports  for  Chicago  a  large  collection  of 
dipjiings  and  excerpts  relating  to  Chicago.  The  designation 
of  Chicago  in  his  files  is  6827  Chi  (see  explanation  at  begin- 
ning of  geographical  table).  His  reports,  which  he  arranges 
chronologically,  are  numbered  6827  Chi  1909,  6827  Chi  1911, 
6827  Chi  1912.  By  taking  the  letter  A  to  follow  6827  Chi 
he  can  designate  that  detailed  material  is  to  be  kept  separate 
from  the  general  chronological  arrangement.  He  then  looks 
over  the  Summary  Outline  of  the  Classification,  noting  the 
numbers  of  the  topics  on  which  he  has  material,  and  pro- 
ceeds to  designate  his  clippings  as  follows,  e.  g.  those  on 
1-      •         6827  Chi     ^^  ^,^      ^      6827  Chi 

Busmess  districts,     XlfiorT'    those  on  streets,      »  oc\K.r\  ! 

,     6827  Chi  ,  _       , 

tho.se  on  Flaygrounds,     a  4^00  ^   ^      ^^  ^^'  alterna- 

tive method  to  the  one  just  described  would  be  to  boil  down 
and  renumber  with  letters  or  small  numbers  the  Summary 
Outline  and  then  to  use  these  designations  in  the  way  just 
described.  This  could  be  done  by  each  individual,  especially 
if  he  wishes  to  have  only  a  small  number  of  subdivisions. 

Although  the  numbers  resulting  from  the  first  method  are 
somewhat  long,  this  disadvantage  is  far  outweighed  by  the 
following  advantages:  a  man  has  only  one  outline  to  re- 
member, and  only  one  set  of  numbers;  since  the  subdivisional 
numl)ers  under  an  individual  city  are  the  same  as  the  num- 
bers on  the  general  subject,  there  is  an  automatic  cross-ref- 
erence both  ways  —  a  person  wanting  everything  on  play- 

80 


GEOGRAPHICAL  TABLE 

grounds  knows  he  must  look  under  4300  both  in  the  general 
arrangement  and  under  such  cities  as  have  been  subdivided, 
while  a  person  studying  Boston's  playgrounds  (6827  Bost 
A  4300),  and  wishing  to  compare  these  data  with  general  data, 
can  look  instantly  in  4300;  furthermore,  material  which 
might  appear  on  any  minute  topic  relating  to  a  given  city 
can  be  cared  for  immediately  by  specific  number  taken  from 
the  fuller  scheme. 

In  case  it  is  desirable  to  separate  material  relating  to 
sections  of  a  city  from  that  relating  to  the  city  as  a  whole, 
this  might  be  placed  last  and  perhaps  designated  B,  so  that 
after  general  reports  and  material  on  special  subjects  desig- 
nated e.  g.  6827  Bost  1912,  X43M~'  *^®^^  ""^'^^^^^  '^^  ^-  0- 
6827Bost  ^  , 
B  Rox  '  Roxbury  section  of  Boston. 

The  above  suggestions  serve  to  indicate  the  possible  treat- 
ment of  a  large  bulk  of  local  material.  The  particular  pur- 
pose for  which  the  material  is  to  be  used  will  of  course 
determine  the  amount  and  character  of  subdivision  that 
will  be  worth  while. 


81 


ALPHABETIC   SUBJECT   INDEX  TO 
CLASSIFICATION 


Referenoea  are  to  numbers  of  topics  in  the  Scheme 


Acre,  Number  of  houses  to,  1677. 
Acts  (Legislative),  707. 
Addresses,  lectures  (General),  265-270. 
"  Adickes,  Lex,"  728. 
Administration  quarters  (Waterfronts) , 

2690. 
Administrative  agents,  1520-(1540). 
Creation  or  empowering,  712-716. 
Administrative  building  groups,  3720. 
Administrative  buildings,  3565. 
Administrative     conditions,     (Data), 

1520-1540. 
Collection  and  presentation  of  data, 

824. 
Administrative  districts,  1625-1627. 
Advertising,    Public,    (City    planning 

movement),  540-548. 
Advertising  kiosks,  3878. 
Aerial  transportation  terminals,  2795. 
Aerial  views,  1244. 
Aerodromes,  4384. 
Aesthetic,  see  Esthetic. 
Agricultural  belts,  1720. 
Agricultural  districts,  1715-1725. 
(Agricultural    occupancy    of    blocks), 

(3244). 
Air  (Data),  1447. 
Albums  (General),  286. 
Alleys,  2242. 

(In  blocks),  3181. 
Allotment  gardens,  1724. 
Amusement  parks,  4290. 
Anchorages  (Harbors),  2605. 
Ancient  cities,  215-219. 
Apartments,  (High  class),  3642. 

Districts  with,  1702. 
Apparatus,  Playground,  4355. 
Apportionment,  Estimate  and  (Data), 

1595. 


Approaches. 

City,  1748. 

Elevated  or  subway  stations,  2405. 

Highway  bridges  and  tunnels,  2276. 

Subways,  2356. 
Aqueducts  (Conduits),  2885-2888. 
Aqueducts,  Monumental,  3740-3790. 
Arcades,  2161. 
Arches,  Monumental,  3830. 
Architectural  materials,  see  Building 

materials. 
Architectural  squares,  4435,  (4575). 
Architectural  style,  3490. 

Types  of  city  plans  distinguished 
by,  5690. 
Architecture,    see    Structures,    3400- 

3890. 
Architecture,  Civic,  see  PubUc  build- 
ings; Types  of  city  plans  distin- 
guished b}^  architectural  style. 
Art  commissions,  1535. 
Art,  Civic,  Municipal,  1235. 
Artificial  topography,  1347. 
Assessment,     Income    from     (Data), 

1580. 
Asylums,  3585. 
Athletic  fields,  4370-4375. 
Atlases  (General),  282. 
Auditoriums,  3575. 
Avenues,  see  Sti'eets,  roads. 
Aviation. 

Grounds,  4385. 

Influence  on  planning  for  appear- 
ance of  city,  1246. 

Landing  places,  2795. 

B 

Backyard  gardens,  (3331),  4902. 
Balconies  (Encroachments  on  streets), 
2159. 


83 


INDEX 


Balcony  gardens,  4914. 

Ball  grounds,  4370-4375. 

Bandstands,  3G81. 

Banks  (Buildings),  3600. 

(Banks,  of  commercial  rivers,  canals), 

(2590). 
Baseball  grounds,  4370. 
Basins  (Water-supply),  4510. 
Bjvsins,  fountains,  3S45. 
Ba^sins,  harbors,  2600-2630. 
Bathing  beaches,  4201. 
Baths,  Public,  35S0. 
Bay  trees,  in  tubs,  boxes,  etc.,  4916. 
Bays,  harbors,  2600-2630. 
Beaches,  Bathing,  4201. 
Beauty,  Civic,  1235. 
Beauty,  Organic,  of  city,  1242. 
Beer  "  gardens,"  4280. 
Belt  lines  (Railroad),  2504. 
Belts,  Agricultural,  1720. 
Belts,  Forest,  1725. 
Benefit  assessments,  1580. 
Bequests,  Income  from  (Data),  1594. 
Betterment,  Civic,   see   Civic  better- 
ment. 
Betterments,  1580. 
Bibliography. 

General,  0. 

Special,  see  the  special  subjects. 
Bicycle  paths,  2214. 
BiUboards,  3880. 
Biography,  200-205. 
Birdseye  views,  1244. 
Block,    Houses    in-,    see    Houses    in- 

block. 
Blocks  (Areas),  3100-(3245). 

Area,   Proportion    to    street    area, 
2150. 

Development,      Adaptability      to, 
3120-3145. 

Dimensions,  3125. 

Interiors,  3179. 

Orientation,  3140. 

Shape,  3130-3139. 

Size,  3125. 

Topography,  3145. 
Blocks  and  lota,  3000-3395. 

Development,       Adaptability      to, 
3040-3065. 

Dimensions,  3045. 

Orientation,  3060. 

Shape,  3050. 


Size,  3045. 
Topography,  3065. 
Blocks  and  streets.  Organization  and 
subdivision  of  city   area  into. 
1800-1851. 
Boards    of    trade     (In    city-planning 

movement),  515. 
Boating      facilities,     Provision      for, 

4203. 
Books  (General  collections),  294. 
Booths,  street-stands,  3684. 
1  Botanical  gardens,  4265. 
Boulevards,  2207, 
Planting,  4893. 
(Boulevards,  Shore),  (4196). 
Boundaries. 
City,  1745-1750. 
Lots,  Treatment,  3304. 
Boundary     areas     (Of    city),     1745- 

1750. 
Boundary  structures  (Walls,  fences), 

3825. 
Breakwaters,  2617. 
Brick  and  tQe  (Buildings  materials), 

3523. 
Brick-yards,  3197. 
Bridges,  3740-3790. 
Form,  3770. 
Materials,  3780. 
Bridges,  Foot,  2262. 
Bridges,  Highway,  2270-2284. 
Bridges,     Over     commercial     rivers, 

canals,  (2595). 
Bridges,  Railroad,  2515-2529. 
Bridges,  Street-railway,  2390. 
Bridle  paths,  2213. 
Building  codes,  3460. 
Building  construction.  Types  of,  3540- 

3549. 
Building  decoration   (Vines,   window 

boxes),  4910-4919. 
Building  development,  see  Buildings; 

Districts. 
Building  groups,  3700-3739. 

Grounds,  4550-4585. 
Building  laws,  3460. 
Building  lines,  3081. 
Building  lots,  3395. 
Building  materials,  3510-3539. 
(Business  districts),  1640. 
Tjrpes  of  city  plans  distinguished  by, 
5680. 


84 


INDEX 


Buildings,  3440-3689. 
Form,  3475-3509. 
Grounds,  4600-4620. 
Height,  3083,  3480-3489. 
(Business  districts),  1640. 
Relation  to  street,  2163. 
Types  of  city  plans  distinguished 
by,  5660. 
In  parks  (Encroachments),  4106. 
Materials,  see  Building  materials. 
Relation  to 

Block  and  lot  area,  SOT.'S-SOOl. 
Block  area,  3165-3183. 
Lot  area,  3315-3334. 
Streets,  2155-2163. 
Size,  3480-3489. 
Surface  treatment,  3535-3539. 
Buildings,  Historic,  3456. 
Buildings,  Shelter,  see  Shelters. 
Bulkhead  lines,  2610. 
Burned  districts,  Replanning,  1617. 
Business  blocks,  3190-3220. 
Business  buildings,  3600. 

Streets  as  frontage  for,  2230. 
Business  districts,  1630-1670. 
Business  encroachment  on  residential 

districts,  1682. 
(Business  lots),  (3340). 
Business  squares,  2233. 
Business  local  streets,  2230-2233. 
Business  streets  (In  general). 

Planting,  4891. 
Business  traffic  streets,  2195-2201. 


c 


Cables,  Underground,  2386. 

Cabstands,  2199. 

Campaigns,  City-planning,  525. 

Canals,  2580-(2595). 

Canals,  Irrigation,  Streets  with,  2118 

Capitols,  3565. 

Car-barns,  2420. 

Cemeteries,  4480-4495. 

Censuses  (Data),  832. 

Centers,  Determining  location  of  main 

thoroughfares,  1812. 
Centers,  Civic,  see  Civic  centers. 
Chambers  of  commerce,  515. 
Change  in  tjqje  of  occupancy,  Effects 

of,  1613. 


Channels 

(Commercial  rivers),  2585. 
(Harbors),  2605-2608. 
Channels    of    transportation,     2000- 

2930. 
Charts,  General,  254. 
Chemicals,   Areas    for   handhng  and 

storing  (Waterfronts),  2724. 
Churches,  3590. 
Churchyards,  4650. 
Circulation  (Data),  1440. 
Circumferential  thoroughfares,  2183. 
Cities. 

Large  (Types  of  plans),  5620. 
Largest  (Types  of  plans),  5625. 
Medium-sized    (Types    of    plans), 

5615. 
Small  (Types  of  plans),  5610. 
Special   (Arranged   geographically), 
6800-6984. 
City. 
Area. 

Organization      and      subdivision 
by  dominant    function,    1600- 
1740. 
Organization  and  subdivision  into 
streets  and  blocks,  1800-1851. 
At  night.     Lighting  effects,  1260. 
Boundaries,  1750. 
Historic  forms,  210-245. 
History  (Data),  1415. 
Organic  beauty,  1242. 
Sites,  1340-1376. 
Economic     advantages     (Data), 

1555-1559. 
See  also  phrases  beginning  with 
words  City  and  Municipal. 
City  and  country,  1422-1426. 
City  clubs,  517. 

City  engineers'  departments,  1530. 
City  forestry,  see  Vegetation. 
City  gates,  3815. 
City  halls,  3565. 
City  plan,  see  City  plans. 
City  planning. 

As   an   art,   scienct>,   or   profession, 

320-324. 
By  special  countries  and  cities  ar- 
ranged geopgraphically,  6800- 
6984. 
Field,  scope,  310. 
Purpose,  utility,  305. 


85 


INDEX 


City  planning  (continued) 

(Term).  300. 
See  also  City  plans. 
City-planning  commissions,  1535. 

Creation,  714. 
City-planning  departments,  1535. 

Creation,  714. 
City-planning  movement,  50()-(600). 
City  plans. 

Composition,  1200-1851. 

Elements,  1900-4950. 

Historical  development,  210-245. 

Making,  840-84S. 

Presentation,  8.50-858. 

Types,  520O-5G90. 
City  walls,  3815. 
Cityward  movement,  1424. 
Civic  art,  1235. 
Civic  beauty,  1235. 
Civic  betterment  (Term),  300. 
Civic    betterment    movement,     500- 

(600). 
Civic  centers,  1627,  (4570). 
Civic  design  (Term),  300. 
Civic  improvement  (Term),  300. 
Civic  spaces,  see  Squares. 
Civil   engineering,    see   Street,    roads 

Footways;  Surveys. 
Clay  (Soil),  1382. 
Climate  (Data),  1330-1336. 

Types  of  city  plans  distinguished  by, 
5210-5225. 
Climate,  topography,  soil,  etc.  (Data), 

1320-1392. 
Climatic  aspects  of  vegetation,  4811. 
Clippings  (General  collections),  290. 
Clocks,  (2298),  3855. 
Clubs. 

(Buildings),  3618. 

(In  City-planning  movement),  517. 
Coal,  Areas  for  handling  and  storing 

(Waterfronts),  2723. 
Coast  cities  (Types  of  plans),  5255. 
Coasts  (Topographical  data),  1370. 
Cold  climate.  Types  cf  city  plans  dis- 

tinguishe<l  by,  5225. 
Cold  storage  goods,  Areas  for  handling 
and  storing  (Waterfronts),  2725. 
Collected  works,  180-185. 

Collections. 


Study  of  city  planning  in,  940. 
Colleges,   Study  and  teaching  of  city 

planning  in,  935. 
Collision  points,  Avoidance,  2136. 
Colonnaded  streets,  2161. 
Color. 

(Aspect  of  city  in  general),  1256. 
(Building  materials),  3517. 
Combustible   type   of   building   con- 
struction, 3544. 
Comfort  stations,  3677. 
Conunerce,  Chambers  of,  515. 
Commercial  buildings,  3600. 
Commercial  cities   (Types  of  plans), 

5315-5319. 
Commercial      opportunities      (Data), 

1559. 
Commercial  utihzation  of  waterfronts. 
Combination     with     recreative 
use,  4177. 
Commercial    waterways    and    water- 
fronts, 2550-2730. 
Commissions. 
Art,  1535. 

City-planning,  1535. 
Creation,  714. 
Commons,  4250—4255. 
Competitions,  880. 
Compilations  of  data,  832. 
Composite  type  of  informal  plat,  1851. 
j      (Types  of  city  plans),  5651. 
'  Composition  of  city  plans,  1200-1851. 
Comprehensive  treatises,  250. 
Concert  "  gardens,"  Open-air,  4280. 
I  Concessions,  Private  (In  parks),  4108. 
j  Concourses,  2211. 
1  Concrete  (Buildings),  3526-3527. 
Condemnation  of  land,  722-724. 
Conditions,  Direct    improvement    of, 
!  565. 

Conditions,      Fundamental.        Data, 

1300-1595. 
Conduits,  2880-2905. 
Conduits.  Wires,  2850-2930. 
j  Conferences,  City-planning  (40)-46. 
I  Conflagrations,  1479. 
Congestion  of  population,  1422-1426. 
Congestion  of  traffic,  2057. 
Congregating  places,  4430. 
Congresses,  City-planning  (40)-46. 


( )f  material  in  special  forms  (280)-   Consistency,  in  general  effect  of  build- 


294. 


mgs,  3455. 


86 


INDEX 


Construction,    Tj-pes   of    (Buildings), 

3540-3549. 
Construction  and  maintenance. 

Blocks  and  lots,  3028. 

Buildings,  3468. 

Channels  of  transportation,  2028. 

Direction  or  supervision  of,  860. 

Parks  and  reservations,  4128. 

Playgrounds,  4338. 

Streets,  roads.     Footways,  2078. 

Studj'  and  teaching,  918. 

Vegetation,  4840-4858. 
Consultation  of  experts,  875. 
Conventions,  City-planning,  (40)-46. 
Convertibility  and  stability  of   land, 

1565. 
Cooperation  of  experts,  875. 
Cooperative  movement,  see  Copartner- 
ship housing;  Garden  cities. 
Copartnership  housing,  1434. 
Corner  lots,  3308. 
Corner  reservations,  3183. 
Cost. 

Blocks  and  lots,  3029. 

Buildings,  3469. 

Channels  of  transportation,  2029. 

Lots,  3269. 

Parks  and  reservations,  4129. 

Playgrounds,  4339. 

Residences  (As  distinguishing  resi- 
dential districts),  1694-1697. 

Streets,  roads.     Footways,  2079. 

Vegetation,  4842. 

See  aho   High-cost,  Low-cost, 
Medium-cost. 
Cottages,  3654. 
Countries,     Special     (Arranged    geo- 

graphicaUy),  6800-6984. 
Country  and  city,  1422-1426. 
Coxmtry  parks,  4240. 
Countryward  movement,  1426. 
Courses  of  study  in  city  planning,  935. 
Court-houses,  3565. 
Courts. 

(Blocks),  3179. 

(Blocks  and  lots),  3089. 
Covered  street- ways,  2161. 
Crossings,  Railroad,  2510-2513. 

Grade,  2512. 
Crossings,  Street,  2128. 
Crossing  of  streets,  Viaducts  to  avoid, 
at  grade.  2138. 


Culverts,  2286. 
Cuibs,  2122. 

Curvilinear  type    of    informal    plat, 
1849. 
(Types  of  city  plans),  5649. 


D 
Dams,  3800. 
Data. 

Blocks  and  lots,  3020. 

Buildings,  3466. 

Channels  of  transportation,  2026. 

Collection   and   presentation,   81.5- 
838. 

General,  1300-1595. 

Parks  and  reservations,  4126. 

Playgrounds,  4336. 

Streets,  roads.  Footways,  2076. 

Vegetation,  4830-4834. 
Decoration,     Building     (Vegetation), 

491G-4919. 
Decoration  for  festivals.  Street,  2320. 
Defacements  of  waterfronts,  4179. 
Defence  (Data),  1480. 
Defensive  works. 

(Harbors,  etc.),  2625. 

(Structures),  3810-3815. 
Density  of  development. 

Business  districts,  1640. 

Residential  districts,  1677. 
Departments,  City,  1530. 

City-planning,  1535. 
Creation,  714. 
Design. 

Blocks  and  lots,  3027. 

Building  groups,  3710. 

Buildings,  3467. 

Channels  of  transportation,  2027. 

Effect  on  land  values,  1567. 

General  theory  and  principles,  1200. 

Parks  and  reservations,  4127. 

Playgrounds,  4337. 

Professional  practice,  840-848. 

Streets,  roads.  Footways,  2077. 

Study  and  teaching,  914. 
Design,     Landscape,    see    Landscape 

architecture. 
Design,  Planting,  4835. 
Detached    houses,    see    Houses,    De- 
tached. 
Details  (Design).  848. 


87 


INDEX 


Diagonal  and  gridiron  tjrpe  of  plat, 
1839. 
(Types  of  city  plans),  5639. 
Diagonal  thoroughfares,  2184. 
Diagrams  (General),  254. 
Dictionarips,  190. 
Dikes,  3800. 
Directories,  195. 
Ditjposal  of  wai^tos,  1460-1474. 
Di.stricting,  1600-1740. 
Districts,  1600-1740. 

Administrative,  1625-1627. 
Agricultural,  1715-1725. 
Burned,  Replanning.  1617. 
Business,  1630-1670. 
Financial,  1645. 
Industrial,  1630-1670. 
Manufacturing,  1650. 
Market,  1660. 
New,  Development,  1611. 
Residential,  1675-1708. 
Retail,  1670. 
Shipping,  1655. 
Warehouse,  1655. 
Wholesale,  1665. 
Docking  apparatus,  2670. 
Docks,  2660-2675. 
Domes,  3502. 
Doors,  3506. 

Dooryard  gardens,  (3330),  4901. 
Double-deck  streets,  2119. 
Drain  inlets,  2124,  (2306). 
Drainage  (Soil),  4844. 
Drainage  of  land,  1452. 
Drainage  systems. 
Subsurface,  2895. 
Surface,  2890. 
Drawings,  854. 

(General  Collections),  284. 
Draws. 

(Highway  bridges),  2278. 
(Railroad  bridges),  2524, 
Dredging,  2605. 
Drill  grounds,  4395. 
Drinking  fountains,  (2302),  3849. 
Drinking  troughs,  (2302),  3849. 
Drives,  2205. 
(Drives,  Shore),  (4196). 
Dr>docks,  2735. 
Dumps,  1472. 

Municipal,  4538. 
Dust  prevention,  1450. 


E 

Earthquakes  (Data),  1392. 
Easements,  Creation  of,  735. 
Eating  places.  Outdoor,  4139. 
Economic    and    financial   conditions. 

Resources,  1545-1595. 
Economic  aspects. 
Blocks  and  lots,  3014. 
Channels  of  transportation,  2014. 
General,  1225. 
Open  spaces,  4014—4016. 
Vegetation,  4814. 
Economic   conditions    (Data),    1550- 
1565. 
Collection  and  presentation  of  data, 
826. 
Education,  Public  (Data),  1490. 
Education    of   public    (in   regard    to 

city  planning),  540-548. 
Educational  building  groups,  3722. 
Educational  buildings,  3570. 
Educational  cities   (Tjtjcs  of  plans), 

5325. 
Efficiency  of  the  community,  1225. 
Electrification  of  railroads,  2457. 
Electroliers,  (2310),  3870. 
Elements  of  city  plans,  1900-4950. 

Study  and  teaching,  916. 
Elevators,  lifts,  etc. 

(Highway    bridges    and    tunnels), 

2282. 
(Railroad  bridges  and  tmmels),  2526. 
Elevated  railways,  2390. 
Embankments  (Shore),  4197. 
Eminent  domain,  722-724. 
Employees. 

Accommodation    for    (Commercial 

waterfronts),  2690. 
Pleasure    grounds    (Manufacturing 
plants),  3199. 
Employers'  model  housing,  1433. 
Encroachments. 

Buildings  on  street,  2159. 
Business  on  urban  residential  dis- 
tricts, 1682. 
Public  parks,  4106. 
Encyclopedias,  190. 
Engineering,  Civil,  see  Civil  engineer- 
ing. 
Engineering,  Municipal,  see  Municipal 
engineering. 
88 


INDEX 


Enterprises,    Municipal,     Income    for 

city  planning  from,  1588. 
Entrances  (City),  1748. 
Enviionment  (Data  for  city  planning). 

Man-made,  1400-1499. 

Natural,  1320-1392. 
Equipment,  Municipal,  Areas  for  stor- 
age, 4540. 
Escalators,  2405. 
Essays  (General),  265-270. 
Estates,  Large  private,  3385. 
Esthetic  aspects. 

Blocks  and  lots,  3015. 

Buildings,  3455. 

Channels  of  transportation,  2015. 

General,  1235-1260. 

Open  spaces,  4020-4022. 

Structures,  3415. 

Vegetation,  4815. 
Estimate  and  apportionment  (Data), 

1595. 
Estimates,  858. 

Excerpts  (General  collections),  290. 
Excess  condemnation,  724. 
Exchange  places,  4430. 
Exhibitions,  City-planning  (50)-65. 

(In  city-planning  movement),  546. 

Study  of  city  planning  in,  940. 
Expenditure      (Municipal     finances), 

1595. 
Experience   under  competent  practi- 
tioners, 950. 
Experts. 

Consultation,  cooperation  of  (Pro- 
fessional practice),  875. 

PubUc    consultation,    Official    em- 
ployment of,  1540. 

Unofficial  employment  of,  571. 
Exposition  building  groups,  3724. 
Exposition  grounds  (4585). 
Extensions,  1611. 

F 

Factories,  3595. 

Facts,  see  Data. 

Federal  agencies  for  city  planning. 
Relation    to    state    and    municipal 
agencies,  1527. 

Federal  buildings,  3565-3568 

Federal  grants  (Income  for  city  plan- 
ning), 1590. 

Fences,  3304,  3825. 


Ferry  slips,  2675. 

Festivals,  Street  decoration  for,  2320. 

Fields,  Athletic,  4370-4375. 

Filling   of   low   or   submerged   areas, 

1347. 
Filtration    beds     (Sewage    disposal), 

4520. 
Filtration      plants      (Water-supply), 

4510. 
Financial    conditions    (Data),    1570- 

1595. 
Collection  and  presentation  of  data, 

826. 
Fmancial  districts,  1645. 
Fire  alarm  boxes,  2296. 
Fu-e-proofing       (Business      districts), 

1640. 
Fire  protection,  1478. 

(Waterfronts),  2652. 
Fire-protection  water-supply. 

Auxiliary     high-pressure     systems, 

2888. 
Fire-resistive   type   of   building   con- 
struction, 3542. 
Fire  stations,  3568. 
Fires,  1479. 

Flagpoles,  flagstaflfs,  3857. 
Floods,  Protection  from,  1454. 
Flower  beds  (Street  planting),  4887. 
Fluctuation  in  sizes  of  lots,  3163. 
Foci,   Determining  location   of   main 

thoroughfares,  1812. 
Footbridges,  2262. 
Footways,  2250-2262. 
Footways  (Streets,  roads.  Footways), 

2050-2328. 
Footways,  Independent,  2254. 
Fora,  4430. 
(Forest  belts),  (1725). 
Forest  reservations,  4160. 
Forests,     Municipal,     Income     from 

(Data),  1588. 
Formal  types  of  plats,  1835-1844. 

(Types  of  city  plans),  5635-5644. 
Fortifications,  forts,  3812. 
Fountains,  3845-3849. 
Fountains,  Drinking  (2302),  3849. 
Franchises,     Income      from     (Data), 

1585. 
"  Free  ports,"  2829. 
Freight,  Special  provision  for  (Water- 
fronts), 2710-2729. 


89 


INDEX 


Frciplit  handling  api)aratus,  2712. 
Freight  houses  and  yards  (Railroad), 

2495. 
Freight  terminals.  2820-2829. 
Freight  tunnels  (Railroad),  2522. 
Frontage. 

Business  buildings  (Local  streets), 

2230. 
Ix)ts,  3310. 
(VVaterfronUs),  2650. 
Fundamental  conditions.  Data,  1300- 

1595 
"Furniture,"  Park,  4141. 
"  Furniture,"  Street,  2290-(230S). 
"  Furniture,"  Strwt  and  park,  3860. 


G 


Galleries  (Street),  2161. 
Garbage  disposal,  1472. 
Garden  cities  (Types  of  plans),  5350. 
Garden  city  literature,  5350. 
Garden  city  movement,  582. 
Garden  city  principle  (Industrial  dis- 
tricts), 1635. 
Garden  squares,  4250-4255,  (4450). 
Garden  subiu-bs,  168.5-1687. 

(Types  of  plans),  5350. 
Garden  villages  (Tj^pes  of  plans),  5350. 
Gardens,  3089,  3329- (3331). 

Allotment,  1724. 

Backyard,  (3331),  4902. 

Balcony,  4914, 

Botanical,  4265. 

Concert  and  beer,  4280. 

Doorj-ard,  (3330).  4901. 

PubUc,  4260-4274. 
Planting,  4940. 

Roof.  4919. 

School,  4907. 

Vacant  lot,  4905. 

Window,  4914. 
Garbage.  1472. 

Gas  distribution  (Conduits,  etc.),  2900. 
Gas-leaks,    Underground    (Injury    to 

vegetation),  4858. 
Gas  tanks,  3568. 
Gates,  3825. 
Gates,  City,  3815. 
General    collections    of    material    in 

special  forms,  (280)-294. 
General  works,  250-294. 


Geographical  arrangement  of  special 

countries  and  citie.='.  0800-6984. 
Geological  character  of  soil   (Data), 

1382. 
Gifts,  Income  from  (Data),  1594. 
Glossaries.  190. 
Goals,  Determining  location  of  main 

thoroughfares,  1812. 
Government,  Municipal,  see  714,  1225, 

1.52,5-1.540. 
Governmental  aid   (Income    for    city 

planning),  1.590. 
Governmental  cities  (Types  of  plans), 

5305. 
Grade,  Viaducts  to  avoid  streets  cross- 
ing at,  2138. 
Grade  crossings,  2512. 
Gradient  of  streets,  2100-2103. 

Steep,  2103. 
Grain,  Areas  for  handling  and  storing 

(Waterfronts),  2722. 
Grain  elevators,  2722. 
Grass,  see  Turf. 
Gravel, 

Areas    for    handling    and    storing 

(Waterfronts),  2723. 
(Soil),  1382. 
Graveyards,  4650. 
Greenhouses,  3687. 
■Mimicipal,  4.545. 
Gridiron  and  diagonal  type  of  plat, 

1839. 
(Types  of  city  plans),  5639. 
Gridiron  type  of  plat,  1837. 

(Types  of  city  plans),  5637. 
Ground  forms,  see  Topography. 
Ground  water  (Data),  1386. 
Ground  water.  Soil  (Data),  1380-1386. 
Grounds. 

Building  groups,  4550-4585. 
Single  buildings,  4600-4620. 
Station,  2485-2488. 
Groups,  Building,  see  Building  groups. 
Gutters,  2122. 
G3rnmasia,  3580, 


H 


Harbor  boards,  1530. 
.1  j  Harbor  lines,  2610. 

'  Harbors,  2600-2630. 

i  Health,  Public,  see  Public  health. 
90 


INDEX 


Health    resorts     (Types     of     plans) 

5333. 
Heat,  light,  and  power  wires,  2925. 
Hedges  (Lot  boundary),  3304. 
Height    of   buildings,    see    Buildings, 

Height. 
Herbaceous  plants,  4862. 
High-cost    multiple    houses  in-block, 

3642. 
High-cost  residential  districts,  1695. 
High-cost     single     detached     houses, 

3652. 
High-cost  single  houses  in-block,  3637. 
High-pressure  auxiliary  fire-protection 

water-supply  systems,  2888. 
Highway  bridges,  2270-2284. 
Highways,  2170-2211. 
Hillside  lots,  3295. 
Hillside  streets,  2110. 
Hills,  (Topographical  data),  1356. 

Removal,  1347. 
Hilltop  cities  (Types  of  plans),  5290. 
Hilltops  (Topographical  data),  1356. 
Historic  aspects. 

Blocks  and  lots,  3016. 

Buildings,  3456 

Channels  of  transportation,  2016. 

General,  1270-1276. 

Open  spaces,  4025. 

Structures,  3416. 
Historic  features  in  cities.  Preservation, 

1276. 
Historic  interest.  Places  of.  Reserva- 
tion, 4230. 
Historic  type,  Truth  of  city  plans  to, 

1272. 
History  of  city  planning,  210-245. 
History  of  the  city  (Data),  1415. 
Hospitals,  3585. 

Hot  climate,  Types  of  city  plans  dis- 
tinguished by,  5220. 
Hotels,  3618. 
House  Icrts,  3395. 
Houses,  Number  to  acre,  1677. 
Houses,  Detached,  3650-3669. 

Blocks  occupied  by,  3240. 

Districts  with,  1705-1708. 
Houses  in-block,  3635-3644. 

Blocks  occupied  by,  3235. 

Districts  with,  1700-1703. 
Housing,  1430. 
Hydrants,  2304, 


Hygienic  aspects. 

Blocks  and  lots,  3013. 

Buildings,  3453. 

Channels  of  transiwrtation,  2013. 

General,  1215. 

Open  spaces,  4013. 

Vegetation,  4813. 


Illuminated  signs,  3875' 

Improvement,  Civic,  Rural,  etc.,  see 
Civic  improvement.  Rural  im- 
provement, etc. 

Improvement  of  conditions,  (City- 
planning  movement),  565. 

Improvements,  Effect  on  land  values, 
1567. 

Incinerators  (Disposal  of  wastes),  1472. 

Income  (Municii)al  finances),  1575- 
1594. 

Individuality  (of  cities),  Preservation, 
1274. 

Industrial  arciia  (Water-fronts),  2740. 

Industrial    cities    (Tjtjcs    of    plans), 
5320-5324. 
Park  systems  for,  4085. 

Industrial  conditions  (Data),  1435. 

Industrial  districts.  Business  di.s- 
tricts,  1630-1670. 

Industrial  opportunities  (Data),  1559. 

Industrial  suburbs,  1635. 

Informal  tj-pes  of  plates,  1845-1851. 
(TjTJes  of  city  plans),  5645-5651. 

Insect  pests,  4852. 

Instruction,  see  Study  and  teaching. 

Intersection  of  lines  of  traffic,  2136. 

Interurban  highway's,  2170-2211. 

Interurban  street-railways.  2350. 
(Terminals),  (2780). 

Iron  and  steel  (Buildings),  3528. 

Irrigation  (Soil),  4844. 

Iirigation  canals,  Streets  with,  2118. 

Island  cities  (Tj-pes  of  plans),  5260. 

Island  reservations,  4184. 

Islands  (Topographical  data),  1372. 

Isles  of  safety,  2128. 


Jetties  (Protective  works),  2617. 
Jetties,    wharves,    piers,    etc.,    2680- 

2729. 
Junctions,  Street,  2135-2138. 


91 


INDEX 


K 


Kiosks,  3878. 


Lake  shore  reservations,  4182. 
Lakes  (Topographical  data). 
I^ge,  1370. 
Small,  1374. 
Lamp-posts,  (2310),  3870. 
Land  {Cf.  Topography). 
Acquisition.  722-724. 
Condemnation,  722. 
Convertibility  and  stability,  1565. 
Redistribution,  728. 
Taking,  722-724. 
Use  (Data),  1563-1565. 
Land,   City,    Income   from   leases  of 

(Data),  1588. 
Land,  Undeveloped,  Control  of,  1609. 
Land  drainage,  14.'52. 
Land  forms,  1350-1356. 
Land  subilivi.'^ion  (in  the  larger  sense), 
1800-1851. 
(Blocks  and  lots),  3000-3395. 
(Residential),  3380-3395. 
Land  values  (Data),  1563-1567. 
Efifect  of  design  and  improvements, 

1567. 
Effect  of  open  spaces,  4016. 
Landing  places,  Aviation,  2795. 
Landing  stages,  2697. 
Landscape,     Natural,      Preservation, 

4021. 
Landscape  architecture,  see  especially 
Blocks  and  lots;   Open  spaces; 
Vegetation. 
Lantern  slides   (General  collections), 

288. 
Large  cities  (Types  of  plans),  5620. 
Large  estates,  3385. 
Large  parks,  4240. 

Largest  cities  (Types  of  plans),  5625. 
Laws,  see  Legal  conditions ;  Legislation 
Lectures  (General),  265-270. 

(In  city-planning  movement),  542. 
Legal  and  administrative  conditions 

(Data),  1500-1540. 
Legal  conditions  (Data),  1505-1515. 
Collection  and  presentation  of  data, 
824. 


Legislation. 

Blocks  and  lots,  3020. 

Bridges,  3760. 

Buildings,  3460. 

Channels  of  transportation,  2020. 

Conduits.  Wires,  2870. 

General,  700-785. 

Initiating  and  securing  (City-plan- 
ning movement),  573. 

Open  spaces,  4030. 

Parks  and  reservations,  4120. 

Playgrounds,  4330. 

Professional  practice,  810. 

Raikoads,  2470. 

Street-railways,  2370. 

Streets,  roads.     Footways,  2070. 

(Structures),  (3420). 

Terminal  facilities,  2770. 

Vegetation,  4820. 

Waterways  and  waterfronts,  Com- 
mercial, 2570. 

Wires.     Conduits,  2870. 
Letter-boxes,  2296. 
Levees,  3800. 
"  Lex  Adickes,"  728. 
Libraries. 

(Buildmgs),  3570. 

Study  of  city  planning  in,  940. 
Lifts,  elevators,  etc. 

(Highway    bridges     and     tunnels), 
2282 

(Railroad  bridges  and  tunnels),  2526. 
Light,  heat,  and  power  wires,  2925. 
Lighthouses,  2608. 
Lighting,  1476. 
Lighting  effects,  1260. 
Lighting  fixtures,  3870. 
Lines,  Building,  3081. 
Loam  (Soil),  1382. 
Local  streets,  2220-2244. 
Locks  (Canal),  2588. 
Lot  boundaries,  Treatment,  3304. 
Lot  planting,  4900-4909. 
Lots,  3250-3395. 

Depth,  3311. 

Development,       Adaptability      to, 
3270-3295. 

Dimensions,  3275. 

Grade,  3312. 

Orientation,  3290. 

Shape,  3280-3289. 

Size,  3275. 


92 


INDEX 


Lots  (continued) 
Subdivision   of  blocks  into,   3160- 

3163. 
Topography,  3293-3295. 
Low  areas.  Filling  of,  1347. 
Low-cost   multiple    houses    in-block, 

3644. 
Low-cost  residential  districts,  1697. 
Low-cost  semi-detached  houses,  3659. 
Low-cost  single  detached  houses,  3654. 
Low-cost  single  houses  in-block,  3639. 
Lumber,  Areas  for  handUng  and  stor- 
ing (Waterfronts),  2723. 
Lumber-yards,  3197. 


M 


and 


Maintenance,    see   Construction 

maintenance. 
Maps,  834. 
Malls,  2258. 

Man-hole  covers,  2124,  (2306). 
Manufacturing,  Buildings  for,  3595. 
Manufacturing  cities  (Types  of  plans), 

5321. 
Manufacturing  districts,  1650. 
Manufacturing  plants,  3195. 

Utilization  of  waterfront  by,  2740. 
Manuscripts  (General  collections),  292 
Marine  parks,  4181. 
Market  districts,  1660. 
Market-garden  areas,  1723. 
Market  places,  4425. 
Market  squares,  4425. 
Markets. 

(Bmldings),  3610. 

Relation  to  terminal  facihties,  2827. 
Marquees  (Encroachment  on  streets), 

2159. 
Marshes  (Topographical  data),  1352. 
Materials,  Building,  3510-3539. 
Types  of  city    plans  distinguished 

by,  5680. 
Materials,  Structural,  3520-3529. 
Mediaeval  cities,  225. 
Medium-cost      multiple      houses    in- 
block,  3643. 
Medium-cost  residential  districts,  1696. 
Medium-cost    semi-detached     houses, 

3658. 
Medium-cost  single  detached  houses, 

3653. 

93 


Medium-cost  single  houses  in-block, 
3638. 

Medium-sized  cities  (Types  of  plans), 
5615. 

Methods  of  technical  procedure.  Pro- 
fessional practice,  800-880. 

MiUtarj'  cities  (Types  of  plans), 
5311. 

Mills,  3595. 

Mmeral  wealth  (Data),  1557. 

Mming  cities  (Types  of  plans),  5322. 

Minor  buildings,  3670-3689. 

Minor  streets,  Location,  1820. 

Minor  structures,  3820-3885, 

Model  housmg,  1432-1433. 

Models,  836, 856. 

Modem  cities,  230. 

Monumental  arches,  3830. 

Monumental  .sciuarcs,  4435,  (4575). 

Monumental  statues,  3840. 

Monuments,  3830. 

Motor  traffic,  Influence  on  streets, 
2058. 

Motor  trucks  (Data),  2076. 

Movement,  City-planning,  500-(600). 

Multiple  houses  in-block,  3641-3644. 

Multiple  streets,  2115. 

Municipal,  Cf.  City,  and  also  second 
words  of  certain  phrases  be- 
ginning with  mimicipal,  e.  g., 
Mvmicipal  nurseries,  see  Nur- 
series. 

Municipal  art,  1235. 

Municipal  buildings,  3563-3568. 

Municipal  engineering,  see  Conduits. 
Wires;  PubUc  health  and  safety; 
Sewage  disposal;  Streets,  roads. 
Footways;  Water-supply. 

Municipal  finances  (Data),  1570- 
1595. 

Municipal  government,  see  714,  1225, 
1525-1540. 

Municipal  improvement  (Term),  300. 

Municipal  improvement  movement, 
500-(600). 

Municipal  model  housing,  1432. 

Mimicipal  services. 
Buildings  for,  3568. 
Open  spaces  devoted  to  operation 
of,  4500-4549. 

Museums,  (70)-85. 
(Buildings),  3570. 


INDEX 


N 


Name  (City  planning),  300. 
Naine-platcs,  Street,  2292,  (3850). 
Natural  features,  Special,  Reservation 

of  places  containing,  4225. 
Natural  resources  (Data),  1557. 
Naval  cities  (TjT)es  of  plans),  5313. 
Neighborhood  parks,  4250-4255. 
Night,  City  at.    Lighting  effects,  1260. 
Noise  prevention,  1451. 
Notes  (General  collections),  292. 
Nuisances. 

Billboard,  3880. 
See  also  Public  health  and  safety, 
1445-1485. 
Nureeries  (Plants),  Municipal,  4545. 

0 

Obelisks,  3830. 

Obstruction  of  surface  traffic  by  street- 
railway  structures,  2357. 
Obstructions  to  traffic,  Open  spaces  as, 

4015. 
Occupancy. 

Change  in  tj-pe,  Effects,  1613. 
Intensiveness. 

(Business,     industrial    districts), 

1640. 
(Residential  districts),  1677. 
Office  buildings,  3600. 

Blocks  occupied  by,  3205. 
Offices,  Experience  in,  950. 
Official   agencies.    Support   of    (City- 
planning  movement),  569. 
Oil,   Areas  for  handling  and   storing 

(Waterfronts),  2724. 
One-way  streets,  2201. 
Open-air  concert  "  gardens,"  4280. 
Open  spaces,  public  and  quasi-pubUc, 
other   than   for  traffic,   4000- 
4620. 
Opera  houses,  3575 
Opportunities  for  city  planning  as  an 
ait,  science,  or  profession,  324. 
Organic  beautj  of  city,  1242. 
Organizations  (In  city-planning  move- 
ment), 512-517. 
Orientation. 
Blocks,  3140. 
Blocks  and  lots,  3060. 


Lots,  3290. 

Streets,  2090. 
Outdoor  eating  places,  4139. 
Outlines  (General),  254. 
Outlooks,  4220. 
Overhead  wires.  Removal  of,  2922. 


Pageants,  Settings  for,  4275. 

Paintings  (General  collections),  284. 

Pamphlets  (General  collections),  294. 

Park  departments,  1530. 

Park  furniture,  4141. 

Park  regulation,  4120. 

Park  systems,  4040-4085. 

Parked  streets,  2116. 

(Parking),  (2109). 

Parks,  4100-4290. 
Planting,  4935. 

See  aho  phrases  beginning  with 
Park,  e.  g.,  Park  furniture,  and 
subdivisions  in  the  text,  4100 -|-. 

Parks,  Amusement,  4290. 

Parks,  Country,  4240. 

Parks,  Large,  4240. 

Parks,  Neighborhood,  4250-^55. 

Parks,  SmaU,  4250-4255. 

Parks,  Street-railway,  4290. 

Parks,  Water,  see  Shore  reservations, 
4170-4205. 

Parks,  Zoological,  4270. 

Parks  and  reservations,  410C-4290. 

Parkways,  2209. 
Planting,  4893. 

Partial  works  (treating  two  or  more 
subdi\'isions  of  the  general  sub- 
ject of  city  planning,)  260. 

Passage-ways,  3091,  3181. 

Passenger  terminals,  2800-2807. 

Passengers,  Provision  for  (Water- 
fronts), 2695-2701. 

Paths,  Bicycle,  2214. 

Paths,  Bridle,  2213. 

Pavements,  2120-2128. 

Pavilions,  3675. 

Peat  (Soil),  1382. 

Periodicals  (1)-14. 

Peripheral  thoroughfares,  2183. 

Perishable  goods.  Areas  for  handling 
and  storing  (W'aterfronts),  2725. 

Pests,  Insect,  4852. 


94 


INDEX 


Photographs,     (General     collections), 
286. 

(Presentation  of  data),  838. 
Piers,  etc.,  2680-2729. 
Piers,  Recreation,  4199. 
Pipes,  2880-2905. 
Places,  see  Squares. 
"  Places  "  (Local  streets),  2238. 
Plains  (Topograpliical  data),  1352. 

Cities  on  (Types  of  plans),  5270. 
Planning,  1200-1851. 

Preliminary,  844. 
Plans  (General  collections),  282. 

(Presentation  of  city  plans),  854. 
Plans,  City,  nee  City  plans. 
Planting,  see  Vegetation,  4800-4945. 
Planting  design,  4835. 
(Planting  strips),  (2109). 
Plants,  see  Vegetation,  4800-4945. 
Plates  (General  collections),  286. 
Plats,  Types  of,  1830-1851. 

Types  of   city  plans  distinguished 
by,  5635-5651. 
Playgrounds,  4310-(4360). 

Planting,  4945. 

See  also  subdivisions  in  the  text, 
4310  +. 
Playgrounds,     athletic     fields,      etc., 

4300-4385. 
Plazas,  see  Squares. 
Pleasure  grounds  for  employees,  3199. 
Pleasure  resorts  (Types  of  plans),  5333. 
Pleasure  traffic  streets,  2205-2211. 
Plots,  see  Lots. 
Pneumatic  tubes,  2905. 
Pocket-books  (General),  258. 
Poles  and  wires  (Street  furniture),  2294. 

Trolley,  2386. 
Police-boxes,  2296. 
Police  stations,  3568. 
Pollution  of  streams,  1458. 
Pools,  Swimming  and  wading,  4350. 
Population  (Data),  1400-1499. 

Types  of  city  plans  distinuished  by, 
5230. 
Port  directors,  1530. 
Port  regulation,  2570. 
PortfoUos  (General),  284. 
Ports. 

Directors,  1530. 

Regulation,  2570. 

(Types  of  plans),  5317. 


Postcards  (General  collections),  286. 

Posters,  3880. 

Power-houses,  3568. 

Power,  fight,  and  heat  wires,  2925. 

Practice,  Professional,  see  Professional 

practice. 
Practitioners,  Competent,  Experience 

under,  950. 
Prairies  (Topographical  data),  1352. 
Preliminary  planning,  844. 
Preservation   of   historic   features    in 

cities,  1276. 
Preservation    of    natural    landscape, 

4021. 
Prevaifing  winds  (Data),  1336. 
Prints  (General  collections),  286. 
Prisons,  3568. 

Private  concessions  (In  parks),  4108. 
Private  property.    Laws   relating   to, 

1515. 
Private  ways,  2244. 
Proceedings. 

Congresses,     conferences,     conven- 
tions (40)-46. 

Societies  (20)-39. 
Profession    (of   city  planning),    320- 

324. 
Professional  considerations,  Special. 

Blocks,  3115. 

Blocks  and  lots,  3025-3029. 

Bridges,  etc.,  3765. 

Buildings,  3465-3469. 

Cemeteries,  4495. 

Channels  of   transportation,   2025- 
2029. 

Conduits.     Wires,  2875. 

Grounds  of  biulding  groups,  4565. 

Grounds  of  single  buildings,  4615. 

Lots,  3265. 

Municipal  services,  Areas  devoted 
to  operation,  4505. 

Open  spaces,  4035. 

Park  systems,  4055. 

Parks  and  reservations,  4125-4129. 

Playgrounds,  4335-4339. 

Raihoads,  2475. 

Squares,  4415. 

Street-railways,  2375. 

Streets,    roads.     Footways,    2075- 
2079. 

Structures,  3425. 

Terminal  facifities,  2775. 


95 


INDEX 


Professional,  etc.  {continu^fd) 
Vegetation,  4825-4858. 
Waterways  and  waterfronta,  Com- 
mercial, 2575. 
Professional  practice,  800-880. 

See    also    I'rofessional   considera- 
tions, Special. 
Projections,  2159. 

Propaganda  (In  city-plannihg   move- 
ment), 544. 
Promeniwlea,  2258. 

Shore,  4197. 
Property,  Private,  Laws  relating  to, 

1515. 
Property,  I*ublic. 

Acquisition,  722-724. 
Income  from  (Data),  1588. 
Ljiws  relating  to,  1510. 
Protection,  Fire,  see  Fire  protection. 
Protection  from  floods,  1454. 
Protective     works     (Ihirbors,     etc.), 

2G15-2619. 
Public,   Education  of    (In  regard   to 

city-planning),  540-548. 
Public  advertising,  540-548. 
Public  baths,  3580. 
Public  buildings,  3563-3568. 
Pubhc  comfort  stations,  3677. 
Pubhc  education  (Data),  1490. 
Public  gardens,  see  Gardens,  Public. 
Public    health    (Aspect  of  city  plan- 
ning), 1215. 
Public  health  and  safety  (Data),  144&- 

1485. 
Public  property,  see  Property,  Public. 
Public  recreation,  1495. 
Public  safety,  see  Public  health  and 

safety,  1445-1485. 
Public    schools.     Teaching     of     city 

planning  in,  548. 
Pubhc  service  corporations,  1541. 
Public  utihties. 
Income  from  municipal  operation  of 
(Data),  1588. 
See  also  the  special  utihties,  e.  g., 
Street-railways,  Lighting. 
PubUc  works,  see   the   special  kinds 
of  public  works,  e.  g.,  Streets, 
Reser\'oir3,  Parks. 
Pubhc  works,  Departments  of,  1530. 
Publications     (City-planning     move- 
ment), 544. 


Pubhcity  (City-planning  movement), 

540-548. 
Pumping  Stations,  3568. 

Q 

Quarantine  quarters,  2690. 
Quays,  wharves,  etc.,  2680-2729. 

R 

Race-tracks,  4380. 
Radial  thoroughfares,  2182. 
Radius  and  round-point  type  of  plat, 
1841. 
(Types  of  city  plans),  5641. 
Raihngs    (Protection   of   vegetation), 

4846. 
Railroad  bridges  and  tunnels,  2515- 

2529. 
Railroad    centers    (Types   of   plans), 

5316. 
Raib-oad  stations,  2480-2483,  3605. 
Railroad  tunnels  and  bridges,  2515- 

2529. 
Railroads,  24.50-2526. 
Bridges,  2515-2526. 
Crossings,  2510-2513. 
Electrification,  2457. 
Legislation,  2470. 
On  wharves,  piers,  2714. 
Rights-of-way,  2500-2504. 
Stations,  2480-2483,  3605. 

Grounds,  2485-2488. 
(Terminals),  (2785). 
Tunnels,  2515-2526. 
Yards,  2490, 2495. 
Railways,  se«  Railroads. 
Railways,  Street,  see  Street-railways. 
RainfaU  (Data),  1334. 
Ramps,  2256. 

Rapid  transit  facilities,  2350-2405. 
Relation   of  terminal  facilities  to, 
2807. 
Real  estate,  3014. 
Reclamation,  1347. 

(Of  shores),  (1368). 
Reconstruction,  see  Construction  and 

maintenance. 
Recreation,  Buildings  for,  3575. 
Recreation,  Open-air. 

(Occupancy  of  blocks),  (3245). 
See  also  Open  spaces,  4000-4620. 


96 


INDEX 


Recreation,  Public  CData),  1495. 
Recreation  areas,  Distribution,  1730. 
Recreation  piers,  4199. 
Recreational  buUding  groups,  3728. 
Recreational  waterfronts,  4170-4205. 
Rectilinear  type  of  informal  plat,  1847. 

(Types  of  city  plans),  5647. 
Redistribution  of  land,  728. 
Refreshment  places,  4139. 
Refuse  disposal,  1472. 
Regulations,  (765). 

As  subdivision  of  special  subjects, 
see  Legislation. 
Reinforced  concrete,  3527. 
Replanning,  1200-1851. 

Burned  districts,  1617. 
Reports,  832-852. 

Requirements    of    city    planning    as 
an  art,  science,  or  profession, 
322. 
Reservations,  4150-4230. 

Comers,  3183. 

(Separate  roadways),  (2109). 

Street-railway,  2382. 
Reservations  and  parks,  410CM:290. 
Reserv'oir  reservations,  4210. 
Reservoirs,  4510. 
Residences,  3620-3669. 

See  also  Houses. 
Residential  blocks  (Areas),  3230-3240. 
Residential  cities    (Types  of  plans), 

5330-5333. 
Residential  districts,  1676-1708. 
Residential  lots,  3380-3395. 
Residential  squares,  2238,  (4445). 
Residential  streets,  2235-2238. 

Planting,  4892. 
Resorts,  Health  and  pleasure  (Types 

of  plans),  5333. 
Resources. 

Economic    and    financial    (Data), 
1545-1595. 

Natural  (Data),  1557. 
Resting  places,  (Parks,  etc.),  4137. 
Restrictions. 

Affecting  appearance  of  buildings, 
3460. 

(Blocks  and  lots),  3020. 
Retail  districts,  1670. 
Retail  shops,  3600. 

Blocks  occupied  by,  3210. 
Revenue  service  quarters,  2690. 


Revision    and    amplification    of    city 

plans,  846. 
Rights-of-way. 

Creation  735. 

(Raikoad),  2500-2504. 
Rights,  Laws  relating  to. 
Private,  151."). 
Public,  1510. 
Ringstrassen,  2183. 
River  bank  reservations,  4183. 
River  cities  (Types  of  plans),  5265. 
Rivers. 

(Commercial     waterways),     2580- 
(2595). 

(Topographical  data),  1376. 
Roads,  2050-2328. 
Roadside  improvement,  4875-4893. 
(Roadways,  Separate),  (2107). 
Rock  (SoU),  1382. 
Roof  gardens,  4919. 
Roofs,  3504. 

Roimd-point  and  radius  type  of  plat, 
1841. 

(Types  of  city  plans),  5641. 
Round-points,  2197.  ^.■ 

Routes,  Determining  location  of  main 

thoroughfares,  1814. 
Rubbish  disposal,  1472. 
Running  tracks,  4370. 
Rural  improvement  movement,  684. 


Safety,  Isles  of,  2128. 

Sand  (Soil),  1382. 

Sanitation,    see    Public    health    and 

safety,  1445-1485. 
Scale,  in  general  effect  of  buildings, 

3455. 
Scales,  City,  3872. 
School  gardens,  4907. 
Schools. 

(Bmldings),  3570. 

(For    study   and   teaching  of  city 
planning),  980-998. 
Schools,    PubUc,    Teaching    of     city 

planning  in,  548. 
Seacoast  (Topographical  data),  1370. 
Seashore  reservations,  4181. 
Seats,  3860. 
Sea  walls,  2619. 
Semi-detached  houses,  3656-3659. 

Districts  with,  1707. 


97 


INDEX 


Semi-firo-resistive    type    of    building   Slides,  Lantern  (General  collections), 

construction,  3543.  i  288. 

Scries.     Collected  works,  180-185.        \  Slips,  Ferry,  2675. 
Services,    Municipal,    see    Municipnl    Slopes  (Topographical  data),  1356. 


services. 
Set-backs,  2157. 
Sewage  ilisposal,  1464. 
S«'wage    dispo.<?al    areas    and    plants, 

4520. 
Sewage  farms,  4520. 
Sewerage  boards,  1530. 
Sewerage  plants,  4520. 
Sewerage  systems,  2890. 
Sheds,  Freight  (Wharves),  2718. 
Shelters.  3675. 

(Parks,  etc),  4137. 
Shelters. 

(Playgrounds),  4345. 

(Street-railway),  2410. 

(Wharves,  etc.),  2699. 
Shipping  districts,  1655. 
Shipyards,  2735. 
Shop  signs,  3882. 
Shops,  Retail,  3600. 

Blocks  occupied  by,  3210. 
(Shore  boulevards),  (4196). 
Shore  cities  (Types  of  plans),  5255. 
Shore  reservations,  4170-4205. 
Shores    (Topographical   data),    1360- 
1376. 

Use  of,  1367. 
Shrubs,  4861. 

(Street  planting),  4886. 
Sidewalks,  2252. 
Signs,  Commercial. 

Illuminated,  3875. 

Shop,  3882. 
Silhouette  (Of  city),  1248. 
Single  detached  houses,  3651-3654. 

Districts  with,  1706. 
Single  houses  in-block,  3636-3639. 

Districts  with,  1701. 
Sit€  planning,  see  Land  subdivision. 
Sites,  City,  1340-1376. 

Advantages,     etc.     (Data),     1555- 
1559. 
Sketches  (General  collections),  284. 
Skylines,  1248. 
Skyscraper  cities  (Types  of  city  plans), 

5660. 
Skyscrapers,  3489. 

(Business  districts),  1640. 


Sloping   sites.    Cities    on    (Types  of 

plans),  5285. 
Slums,  1703. 

;  Small  cities  (Types  of  plans),  5610. 
I  SmaU  parks,  4250-4255. 
I  Smoke  (Injury  to  vegetation),  4854. 
!  Smoke  prevention,  1449. 
i  Snow-faU  (Data),  1334. 
Snow  removal,  1475. 
Social  aspects. 

Blocks  and  lots,  3012. 
j     Buildings,  3452. 
I      Channels  of  transportation,  2012. 
'      General,  1210. 

Open  spaces,  4012, 
1  Social  centers,  Playgrounds  as,  4318. 
Social  conditions  (Data),  1400-1499. 
!     Collection  and  presentation  of  data, 
I  822. 

I  Social  ethics  (Aspect  of  city  planning), 

1210. 
Societies. 

Organization,  513. 
Proceedings,   sets    of   publications, 
,  etc.  (20)-39. 

Soil  (Data),  1380-1386. 
FertUe,  1557. 

Geological  character,  1382. 
Preparation    and    cultivation    for 

planting,  4844. 
Types,  1382. 
Soil.  Groundwater  (Data),  1380-1386. 
Spaces,  Open,  4000-4620. 
Special  aspects. 

Blocks  and  lots,  3010-3016. 

Bridges,  etc.,  3750. 

Buildings,  3450-3455. 

Channels  of  transportation,  2010- 

2016. 
Conduits.  Wires,  2860. 
General,  (1205)-1290. 
Open  spaces,  4010-4025. 
Raikoads,  2460. 
Street-railways,  2360. 
Streets,  roads.     Footways,  2060. 
Structures,  3410-3419. 
I      Terminal  facihties,  2760. 
'     Vegetation,  4810-4815. 
98 


INDEX 


Special  aspects  {continued) 

Waterways  and  waterfronts,  Com- 
mercial, 25G0. 

Wires.     Conduits,  2860. 
Special  professional  considerations,  see 
Professional         considerations, 
Special. 
Special  countries  and  cities  (Arranged 

geographically),  6800-6984. 
Speedways,  4380. 
Spires,  3502. 

Sports,  Provisioii  for,  4300-4385. 
Spraying,  4852. 
Squares,  4400-(4450). 

Architectural,  4435,  (4575). 

Business,  2233,  (4440). 

Garden,  4250-4255,  (4450). 

Market,  4425. 

Monumental,  4435,  (4575). 

Residential,  2238,  (4445). 

Station,  2485-2488,  (4423). 

Traffic,  2197,  (4420). 
Stability  and  convertibility  of  land, 

1565. 
Stables,  Municipal,  4540. 
Stadiums,  4375. 
Stages,  Landing,  2697. 
Standpipes,  3568. 
State     agencies     for     city    planning. 

Relation  to  federal  and  municipal 
agencies,  1527. 
State  buildings,  3563-3568. 
State    grants   (Income  for  city  plan- 
ning), 1590. 
Station  grounds,  2485-2488. 
Station  places,  2485-2488,  (4423). 
Station  squares,  2485-2488,  (4423). 
Stations. 

Raikoad,  2480-2438,  3605. 

Street-railway,  etc. 
Non-surface,  2405. 
Transfer,  waiting,  2410. 

Union,  2483. 
Statues,  3840. 

Steel  and  iron  (Buildings),  3528. 
Steep  gradients  (Streets,  etc.),  2103. 
Steps,  2256. 
Stock-yards,  3197. 
Stone. 

Areas    for    handling    and    storing 
(Waterfronts),  2723. 

(Buildings),  3524. 


Stoops    (Encroachment    on    streets), 

2159. 
Storage  areas  (Waterfronts),  2730. 
Storage,  Buildings  for,  3605. 
Storage  of  municipal  equipment,  Areas 

for,  4540. 
Stream  pollution,  1458. 
Streams  (Topographical  data),  1376. 
Street-car  tracks,  2384. 
Street  cleaning,  1474. 
Street  decoration  for  festivals,  2320. 
Street  departments,  1530. 
Street  furniture,  2290-(2308). 

See  also  Street-lighting  fi.xtures, 
Street  junctions,  2135-2138. 
Street-lighting,  1476,  (2310). 
Street-lighting  fixtures,  (2310),  3870. 
Street  name-plates,  2292,  (3850). 
Street  plan  (In  general),  see  Organiza- 
tion   and    subdivision    of    city 
area  into  streets   and   blocks, 
1800-1851. 
Influence  of  traffic  on,  2057. 
Street  planting,  (2315),  4875-4893. 
Street-railway  bridges    and  viaducts, 

2390. 
Street-railway  parks,  4290. 
Street-railway  reservations  in  streets, 

2382. 
Street-railway  structiu-e.s,  Obstruction 

of  surface  traffic,  2357. 
Street-railways,  2350-2405. 

See  also  subdivisions  in  the  text 
under  2350 -f- 
Street-railways,  Interurban,  see  Inter- 
urban  street-railwaj's. 
Street  signs,  Commercial,  3882. 
Street-stands,  3684. 
Street  traffic,  see  Streets;  Traffic. 
Streets,  2050-2328. 
Area,  Proportion  to  block  area,  2 150 
Cleaning,  1474. 
Continuity,  2095. 
Cross-section,  2105-2119. 
Decoration  for  festivals,  2320. 
Form  2085. 

Influence  of  traffic  on,  2057. 
"  Furniture,"  2290-(2308). 
Gradient,  2100-2103. 
Junctions,  2135-2138. 
Length,  2095. 
Lighting,  see  Street-lighting. 


99 


INDEX 


Streets  (amlinued) 
Maintenance,  2078. 

Relation  of  conduits  and  wires  to, 
2857. 
Name-plates,  2292,  (3850). 
Orientation,  2090. 
Planting,  (2315),  4875-4893. 
Relation  of  street-railway  and  rapid 

transit  lines  to,  2356. 
Relation  to: 
Blocks,  3155. 
Blocks  and  lots,  3070. 
Ix)ts,  3305-3312. 
Surface,  2120-2128. 
Width,  2105-2129. 

Selection  of  trees  in  regard  to, 

4882. 
See  aho  subdivisions  in  the  text 
under,  2050  + 
Streets,  Colonnaded,  2161. 
Streets,  Double-deck,  2119. 
Streets,  Minor,  Location,  1820. 
Streets,  Parked,  2116.  rp 

Streets,  Two-storj',  2119. 
Streets  and  blocks.   Organization  and    Tables  (General),  258. 

8ubdi\-ision   of   city   area   into    Tabulations  of  data,  832 
1800-1851. 
(Strips,  Planting),  (2109). 
Structural  materials  (Buildings),  3520- 

3529. 
Structures,  3400-3890. 
Structures,  Street-railway,  Obstruction 

of  surface  traffic,  2357. 
Stucco-plaster  (Buildings),  3535. 
Studies  (Design),  842. 
Study  and  teaching  of  city  planning, 

900-998. 
Style,  Architectiu-al,  3490. 

In  general  effect  of  buildings,  3455. 
Types  of  city  plans  distinguished  by, 
5690. 
Subdivision,  Land,  see  Land  subdivi- 
sion. 


Suburban  residential  streets,  2237. 

Suburban  station  grounds,  2487. 

Suburbs,  Relation  of  growth  to  trans- 
portation facilities,  1687. 

Suburbs,  Industrial,  1635. 

Suburbs,  Residential,  1685-1687. 

Subways,    In  relation   to   the  street, 
2328. 

Subways  (Rapid  transit),  2400. 
Approaches,  2356. 

Summit  reservations,  4220. 

Sunlight  (Data),  1447. 

Supervision  of  construction  and  main- 
tenance, 860. 

Surface  drainage  systems,  2890. 

Surface  street-railways,  2380-2386. 

Surface  traffic.  Obstruction  by  street- 
railway  structures,  2357. 

Surface  water,  1466. 

Surveys,  Making,  815-838. 

Swimming  pools,  4350. 

Syllabi  (General),  254. 


Tan-yards,  3197. 
Taxation. 

Effect  on  land  development,  1568. 
Licome  from  (Data),  1580. 
Teacliing  of  city  planning  in  public 

schools,  548. 
Technical     procedure.     Methods    of. 

Professional  practice,  800-880. 
Technical  schools.  Study  and  teaching 

of  city  planning  in,  935. 
Telephone  and  telegraph  wires,  2930. 
Temperate    climate,    Tj^pes    of    city 

plans  distinguished  by,  5215. 
Temperature  (Data),  1332. 
Tenements,  3644. 

Districts  with,  1703. 
Terminal  faciUties,  2750-2790. 


Subdi\Tsion  of  city  area  into  streets ',  Terminals. 


and  blocks,  1800-1851. 
Submerged  areas,  Filhng,  1347. 
Subsurface  drainage  systems,  2895. 
Subsurface  utilities,  In  relation  to  the 

street,  232.5-2328. 
Suburban  cities  and  towns  (Tj-pes  of 

plans),  5331. 
Suburban  places  (Estates),  3390. 


Aerial  transportation,  2795. 
Freight,  2820-2829. 
Interuban  street-railway  (2780). 
Passenger,  2800-2807. 
Railroad,  (2785). 
Street-railway,  2420. 
Watenvay  and  waterfront,  (2790). 
Termini  (Of  vistas),  1252-1254. 


100 


INDEX 


Terms. 

Lists  cf,  190. 

Use  of  (City  planning  or  town  phin- 
ning,  etc.),  300. 
Theatres,  3575. 

Open-air.  4275. 
Theory  of  city  planning,  1200. 

Study  and  teaching,  912. 
Thoroughfares,  2170-2211. 

Location,  1810-1814. 
Through  lines  (Railroad),  2502. 
Tile  and  brick  (Buildings),  3523. 
Topographic  aspects. 

Blocks  and  lots,  3011. 

Channels  of  transportation,  2011. 

Open  spaces,  4011. 
Topographic  data,  Collection  and  pre 

sentation,  820. 
Topography  (Data),  1340-1376. 

(Blocks),  3145. 

(Blocks  and  lots),  3065. 

(Lots),  3293-3295. 

(Streets),  2110. 

Types  of  city  plans  distinguished  Ijv, 
5250-5290. 
Tours,  City-planning  study,  947. 
Towers,  3502. 
Towers,  Water,  3568. 
Town  planning  (Term),  300. 
Tracks  (Street-railway),  2384. 
Trade,  Boards  of,  515. 
Traffic  (In  general),  see  Channels  of 
transportation,  2000-2930. 

Congestion  of,  2057. 

Influence  on  street-form,  etc.,  2057. 

Intersection  of  lines  of,  2136. 

Open  spaces  as  obstructions  to,  4015. 
Traffic,   Motor,  Influence  on  streets, 

2058. 
Traffic,  Surface,  Obstruction  by  street- 
railway  structures,  2357. 
Traffic,  Through,  Relation  to  residen- 
tial districts,  1683. 
Traffic  censuses,  2076. 
Traffic  regulation,  2070. 
Traffic  squares,  2197,  (4420). 
"  Traffic  streets,"  2170-2211. 
Train  yards,  2490. 
Transfer     stations      (Street-railway), 

2410. 
Transportation  (Data),  1440. 

Buildings  in  connection  with,  3605. 


Channels  of,  2000-2930. 
Facilities. 

Relation  of  business  and  indus- 
trial districts  to,  1633. 
Relation  of  recreation  arejis  to, 

1733. 
Relation  to  growth  of  suburbs, 
1687. 
Influence  on  streets  of  changes  in 
means  of,  2058. 
Transportation,      Aerial,     Terminals, 

2795. 
Transportation,    Local,    Relation    of 

terminal  facilities  to,  2807. 
Transshipment,  2829. 
Treatises,  Comprehensive,  250. 
Tree  guards,  4846. 
Trees,  4860. 

(Street  planting),  4885. 
Trolley  poles  and  wires,  2386. 
Tubes  (Rapid  transit,  etc.),  2400. 
Tunnels. 

For  foot  passengers,  2262. 
Freight,  2522. 
Highway,  2270-2284. 
Railroad,  2515-2529. 
Rapid  transit,  2400. 
Turf,  4863. 

Turf  strips  (Street  planting),  4888. 
Two-story  streets,  2119. 
Type,  Historic,  Truth  of  city  plans  to, 

1272. 
Types  of  city  plans,  5200-5690. 

U 

Unbuilt-over  area. 
(Blocks),  3177. 
Blocks  and  lots,  3087-3091. 
Lots,  3327. 
Underground  cables,  2386. 
Underground     gas-leaks     (Injury     to 

vegetation),  4858. 
Underground  railways,  2400. 
Underground  water,  Flow  of  (Data), 

1386. 
Undevelopetl  land,  Control,  1009. 
Union  stations,  2483. 
Universities,   Study  and   teaching  of, 

city  planning  in,  935. 
University    cities    (Types    of    plans) 
5325. 


101 


INDEX 


Utilities,  Privately-owned,  Acquisition, 

740. 
Utopias  (Tyi>es  of  plans),  5552. 


Vacant  lot  g.anlens,  4905. 

\'alleys  (Topographical  data),  1354. 

Cities  in  (Typos  of  plans),  5280. 
\'alues,  Land,  see  Land  values. 
\\>getation,  4800-4925. 
\'ehicles  (Data),  2070. 

Areas   on   wharves   and   piers   for, 
2701,  2716. 
\'iaducts,  3740-3790. 

Street-railway,  2390. 

To   avoid    crossings   of   streets    at 
grade,  2138. 
Views  (E.sthctic  aspects),  1250. 

Aerial,  1244. 

Birdseyo,  1244. 
\'illage  improvement  literature,  5605. 
\'illage  improvement  movement,  580. 
\'illage  station  grounds,  2488. 
\'illages  (Types  of  plans),  5605. 
Vines,  4912. 
\istas,  1252-1254. 
\olcanoes  (Data),  1392. 

W 

Wading  pools,  4350. 

Waiting  places  (Wharves),  2680. 

Waiting  stations  (Street-railway),  2410 

(Walks),  (2108). 

Walks.     Sidewalks,  2252. 

Walls. 

(Lot  boundary),  3304,  3825. 

(Of  buildings),  3506. 
Walls  City,  3815. 
\\'alLs,  Sea,  2619. 
Warehouse  districts,  1655. 
Warehouses,  3605. 

Blocks  occupied  by,  3200. 

(Wharves,  etc.),  2718. 
Waste  cans,  (2308),  3860. 
Wastes,  Disposal  of,  1460-1474. 
Water,  see  Water  bodies,  1360-1376. 
Water,  Ground  (Data),  1386. 
Water,  Surface,  1466. 
Water,  Underground,  Flow  of  (Data), 
1386. 


\^■ater  boards,  1530. 

Water  bodies   (Topographical  data), 
1360-1376. 

W  ater  jwwcr  (Data),  1557. 

Water-supply,  1456,  2885-2888. 
^^eas,  4510. 

.\.u.\iliary  high-pressure  fiie-proteo 
tion  systems,  2888. 

Water-supply  and  distribution  (Con- 
duits, etc.),  2885-2888. 

Water-table  (Data),  1380. 

Water-towers,  3568. 

Water    traffic,    see    Waterways    and 
waterfronts. 

Waterfronts     (Topographical     data), 
1360-1376. 
Industrial  utiUzation,  2740. 
Use  of,  1367. 

Waterfronts,  Commercial,  2640-2740. 

Waterfronts,  Recreational,  4170-4205. 

Waterfronts    and    waterways,    Com- 
mercial, 2550-2730. 
(Terminals),  (2790). 
See  cdso  subdivisions  in  the  text 
2550 +. 

Ways    (Channels   of   transportation), 
2000-2930. 

Ways,  Private,  2244. 

Wharves,  etc.,  2680-2729. 

Wholesale  districts,  1665. 

Window  boxes,  4914. 

Window  gardens,  4914. 

Windows,  3506. 

Winds,  Prevailing  (Data),  1336. 

Winter  sport  facilities,  4205. 

"  Wireless  "  apparatus,  2935. 

Wu-es,  2915-2930. 

Wires,  Overhead 

(Injury  to  vegetation),  4856. 
Removal,  2922. 

Wires   and   poles    (Street  furniture), 
2294. 
Trolley,  2386. 

Wires.     Conduits,  2850-2930. 

Women  in    city-planning  movement, 
586. 

Women's  clubs,  517. 

Wood  (Biuldings),  3521. 

Works,      Defensive,     see    Defensive 
works. 

Works,     Protective,     see     Protective 
works. 


102 


INDEX 


Yards. 
Brick,  3197. 

Freight  (Railroad),  2495. 
Lumber,  3197. 
Municipal,  4540. 
Stock,  3197. 
Street-railway,  2420. 


Tan,  3197. 
Train,  2490. 
Yearbooks,  15. 


Zoning,  1620. 
Zoological  park.s,  4270. 


103 


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